{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:52:43Z","timestamp":1788274363111,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":314,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of dietary\n                    <jats:italic>Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. leaf supplementation on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and the prevention of liver fluke (\n                    <jats:italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) metacercaria infection in\n                    <jats:italic>Barbonymus gonionotus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The experiment included five treatment groups, with varying concentrations of\n                    <jats:italic>C. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) in the experimental feed. Six hundred parasite\u2010free\n                    <jats:italic>B. gonionotus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (50\u2009days old) were infected with 50 cercariae each. After 24\u2009h, they were fed the experimental feed for 0 (control group), 7, 14, or 21\u2009days. The infection rate, intensity of\n                    <jats:italic>O. viverrini<\/jats:italic>\n                    metacercaria, survival rates, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, lysozyme activity, and SOD levels in\n                    <jats:italic>B. gonionotus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were investigated. The results showed that cannabis leaves effectively prevented\n                    <jats:italic>O. viverrini<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Fish fed with higher doses of cannabis leaf diets had a decreased infection rate and intensity of\n                    <jats:italic>O. viverrini<\/jats:italic>\n                    metacercariae and higher survival rates. Conversely, there was an increase in SOD, lysozyme activity, and IgM levels. Moreover, after the fish were fed 2.0% cannabis leaves for 14 and 21\u2009days, no\n                    <jats:italic>O. viverrini<\/jats:italic>\n                    metacercariae were degenerated. The highest SOD levels were exhibited by fish fed 2.0% cannabis leaves for 14\u2009days (1497.96\u2009U\/g FW), and the metacercariae were inactive and degenerated. In summary, dietary supplementation of cannabis leaves can be used as a preventive measure against liver fluke infection in\n                    <jats:italic>B. gonionotus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/japr\/6233585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T04:49:28Z","timestamp":1762922968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of\n                    <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i>\n                    L. Leaves on\n                    <i>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/i>\n                    Metacercariae in Infected\n                    <i>Barbonymus gonionotus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5864-391X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naiyana","family":"Senasri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattiya","family":"Chumnanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patcharawalai","family":"Sriyasak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supannee","family":"Suwanpakdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosit","family":"Sriputhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaweng","family":"Sarnklong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutee","family":"Wongmaneeprateep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7100313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.16.6825"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2020.1727217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/abm-2018-0030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2024.e00348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200790144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ern260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1220524"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60172-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","volume-title":"Cannabis Inflorescence: Cannabis spp.: Standards of Identity, Analysis and Quality Control","author":"Upton R.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-008-9094-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.112082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/immuno1040025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12826"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2018.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","volume-title":"How to Know the Trematode","author":"Schell S. 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