{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T09:08:52Z","timestamp":1779527332334,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":142,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bovine trypanosomosis is a major protozoan disease constraining cattle productivity in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. This cross\u2010sectional study is aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine trypanosomosis in the Abe Dongoro district, Western Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted between June 2023 and October 2023. A total of 520 randomly selected indigenous cattle were examined using buffy coat and Giemsa\u2010stain thin smear techniques for parasitological and hematological analysis. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured to assess anemia. Data were analyzed using chi\u2010square tests, independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests, and multivariate logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomes was 20.96% (109\/520; 95% CI:17.6\u201324.7).\n                      <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the predominant species (39.45%; 95% CI: 30.8\u201348.7), followed by\n                      <jats:italic>T. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      (24.77%; 95% CI: 17.8\u201333.3),\n                      <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (22.02%; 95% CI: 15.1\u201330.8), and mixed infections (13.6%; 95% CI: 8.3\u201321.6). The prevalence was significantly higher in cattle with a poor body condition (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.82\u20135.34;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), of adult age (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06\u20133.29;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.041), and with a black coat color (AOR = 8.94; 95% CI: 4.78\u201316.72;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Anemia (PCV &lt;\u200924) was present in 21.54% (112\/520) of cattle, with parasitemic animals showing significantly lower mean PCV (mean\u2009difference = 6.5\u2009percentage\u2009points;\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u221220.55;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bovine trypanosomiasis remains a major constraint to cattle health and productivity in the Abe Dongoro district, highlighting the need for sustained vector control, routine screening, and integrated disease management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/japr\/6290672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:43:36Z","timestamp":1779525816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology of Bovine Trypanosomiasis in Abe Dongoro District, Western Ethiopia: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-958X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdu","family":"Muhammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2270-5250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitiku","family":"Wamile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4454-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negasa","family":"Tamasgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belay","family":"Beyene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6109-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megarsa","family":"Gemechu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.906"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1968.tb09132.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomiasis and Its Vector Density in Sheka Zone, Anderacha Woreda","volume":"7","author":"Yigzaw B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1571947"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-017-0327-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","article-title":"Veterinary Medicine \u2014 A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats, 10th Edition","volume":"51","author":"Abutarbush S. 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