{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:43:16Z","timestamp":1792114996267,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":315,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221012\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221012\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malaria and typhoid fever are significant public health challenges in tropical regions, with Cameroon serving as a notable example of their endemicity. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria, typhoid fever, and their coinfection and assessing associated risk factors among febrile patients attending a tertiary hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted between June and August 2023 at the Etoug\u2010Ebe Baptist Hospital in Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon. Two hundred and eighty\u2010eight febrile patients aged over 2 years, suspected of having malaria and\/or typhoid fever, were enrolled after obtaining informed consent from adults or a legal representative for minors. Data were collected using a structured case report form (CRF). Malaria diagnosis involved a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for screening, followed by confirmation with thick blood smear microscopy. For typhoid fever diagnosis, a combination of serological testing (Widal and IgM\/IgG rapid tests) and rapid stool antigen detection (for\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      O and H antigens) was used. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 26 and GraphPad Prism Version 9 software.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of the 288 participants, 179 (62.5%) tested positive for malaria and\/or typhoid fever. According to our diagnostic algorithm, the prevalence rates for malaria, typhoid fever, and coinfection were 44.79% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 129), 37.15% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 107), and 19.79% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 57), respectively. Coinfection was significantly associated with fever (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 7.092,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008) and profuse sweating (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 3.774,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05), while jaundice was linked to typhoid fever (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 4.777,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.029). Notable risk factors for malaria and typhoid fever included the presence of ponds of water and\/or clumps of grass around the house and the main source of drinking water.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malaria and typhoid fever were prevalent among febrile patients in Yaound\u00e9, with malaria emerging as the leading cause and notable levels of coinfection. Clinical symptoms and environmental risk factors were associated with disease occurrence, underscoring the need for strengthened control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/japr\/9977704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T05:25:50Z","timestamp":1763011550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection Among Febrile Patients Attending a Health Facility in Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2341-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palmer Masumbe","family":"Netongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1169-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ange Maxime","family":"Tchoutang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MacDonald Bin","family":"Eric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3763-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Tepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Christine","family":"Nzuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Severin Donald","family":"Kamdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"The Role of Fever in the Past and Present","volume":"19","author":"El-Radhi A. 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