{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:07:21Z","timestamp":1784549241184,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":200,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prediabetes is a heterogeneous condition encompassing three glucose\u2010defined phenotypes (isolated impaired fasting glucose [i\u2010IFG], isolated impaired glucose tolerance [i\u2010IGT], and IFG\u2009+\u2009IGT), with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. This study assessed the associations of weight status (body mass index [BMI]), general adiposity (fat mass index [FMI]), total lean mass (lean mass index [LMI]), and body fat distribution (waist circumference [WC] and DEXA\u2010derived appendicular, gynoid, abdominal and visceral adiposity) with prediabetes phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included 3225 adults without diabetes who had complete data on fasting and 2\u2010h plasma glucose, anthropometric measures (BMI and WC), and DEXA\u2010derived measures (FMI, LMI, and percentages of total fat in appendicular, gynoid, abdominal and visceral regions) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011\u20132016. BMI and WC were classified according to WHO criteria. DEXA\u2010derived measures were classified using sex\u2010specific tertiles. Glycemic status was classified as normoglycemia, i\u2010IFG, i\u2010IGT, or IFG\u2009+\u2009IGT based on ADA criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The weighted mean (SD) age was 37.16 (12.15) years, and 49.5% of participants were male. Overall, 59.6%, 29.1%, 4.2%, and 7.0% had normoglycemia, i\u2010IFG, i\u2010IGT, and IFG\u2009+\u2009IGT, respectively. Compared with individuals with normal BMI, those with overweight or obesity had higher odds of i\u2010IFG (overweight: OR = 1.56\u2009[1.19, 2.03]; obesity: OR = 2.73\u2009[2.09, 3.56]) and IFG\u2009+\u2009IGT (overweight: OR = 2.81\u2009[1.61, 4.91]; obesity: OR = 6.72\u2009[4.03, 11.22]), whereas both underweight (OR = 3.22\u2009[1.21, 8.58]) and obesity (OR = 2.57\u2009[1.64, 4.04]) were associated with higher odds of i\u2010IGT, indicating a U\u2010shaped relationship between BMI and i\u2010IGT (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>non\u2212linearity<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.006). Higher FMI and LMI were associated with higher odds of all three phenotypes (all p\n                      <jats:sub>T3vs.T1<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Compared with normal WC, very\u2010high\u2010risk central obesity was associated with higher odds of all three phenotypes (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Higher proportions of abdominal or visceral fat and lower proportions of appendicular or gynoid fat were associated with higher odds of i\u2010IFG and IFG\u2009+\u2009IGT (all p\n                      <jats:sub>T3vs.T1<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt; 0.001). For i\u2010IGT, only gynoid fat showed an inverse association (p\n                      <jats:sub>T3vs.T1<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adiposity patterns differed across prediabetes phenotypes. These findings provide insights for tailoring intervention strategies by prediabetes phenotype to optimize diabetes prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jdr\/1147673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:34:36Z","timestamp":1784547276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prediabetes Phenotypes and Adiposity Patterns: Findings From a Population\u2010Based 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