{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:02:45Z","timestamp":1774267365686,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2024206065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2024206065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of serum fatty acids in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare the associations of multiple serum unsaturated fatty acids with the prevalence of T2DM to elucidate their heterogeneous relationship profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2003\u20132004 and 2011\u20132012). Weighted proportional and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations of serum polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) with T2DM status and to adjust for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 3760 individuals. Results of the multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that among the serum PUFAs, docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn3) (22:5 n3) was associated with lower odds of T2DM (odds ratio [OR]: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.375\u20130.942,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.028). Arachidonic acid (AA) (20:4(20: 4 n6) and linoleic acid (LA) (18:2 n6) were negatively associated with T2DM prevalence (OR in quintile 5: AA [20:4 n6]\u2009=\u20090.396, 95% CI: 0.232\u20130.674,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.002; LA (18:2 n6)\u2009=\u20090.277, 95% CI: 0.163\u20130.472,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Moreover, among the MUFAs, oleic acid (OA) (18:1\u2009n9) and eicosenoic acid (EA) (20:1 n9) were associated with increased odds of T2DM, whereas nervonic acid (NRA) (24:1 n9) was associated with decreased odds of T2DM. Furthermore, nonlinear analyses showed that the n\u20106 PUFAs dihomo\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010linolenic acid (DGLA) (20:3 n6) and AA (20:4 n6), as well as the n\u20109 MUFA EA (20:1 n9), had nonlinear associations with T2DM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that several serum n\u20103 and n\u20106 PUFAs are inversely associated with T2DM prevalence, whereas some n\u20109 MUFAs are positively associated with T2DM prevalence. These findings provide comprehensive descriptive data on the serum fatty acid profile in relation to T2DM and underscore the heterogeneity of associations across individual fatty acid species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jdr\/1153035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:36:35Z","timestamp":1772973395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship Between Serum Levels of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross\u2010Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2003\u20132004 and 2011\u20132012"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Shan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lipeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengxia","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuxia","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3950-8764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0239-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002087"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4697"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516003445"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051067"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.9.1528"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002094"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6053492"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89759"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-13-199"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2008.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040821"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2426"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111728"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12614"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.069740"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.739850"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.013334"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2426"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1631"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1869"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0090-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3730-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1504"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.128629"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30307-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/539426"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.114.006940"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012534"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0236"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00468-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-023-00236-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_2","doi-asse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