{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:54:07Z","timestamp":1789430047837,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the association of different serum vitamin D levels on macular microvascular structure in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR), utilizing optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional observational study was designed that includes 83 patients (83 eyes) with T2DM but without DR. Three groups were defined based on vitamin D levels, including vitamin D deficiency (serum vitamin D &lt;\u200920\u2009ng\/mL), vitamin D insufficiency (20\u2009ng\/mL\u2009\u2264\u2009serum vitamin D &lt;\u200930\u2009ng\/mL), and normal vitamin D (\u2265\u200930\u2009ng\/mL) groups. All patients underwent OCTA with a 6\u2009\u00d7\u20096\u2010mm scan centered on the fovea. Assessment was conducted on the perfusion density (PD) of the retinal full layer (FL) and the superficial capillary plexus (SCP). In addition, evaluation of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) included its area, perimeter, and acircularity index (AI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The PD of the SCP was significantly lower in the vitamin D deficiency group, especially in the temporal regions (42.04 \u00b1 3.8 vs. 44.94 \u00b1 4.5 vs. 47.24 \u00b1 3.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The PD of the retinal FL was also significantly lower in the vitamin D deficiency group perifoveal area (32.94 \u00b1 4.5 vs. 35.75 \u00b1 4.2 vs. 35.57 \u00b1 4.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in PD were found to be particularly sensitive to changes in the temporal\u2010perifoveal region in individuals with vitamin D deficiency. Thus, vitamin D deficiency may be associated with DR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jdr\/5539240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T05:06:47Z","timestamp":1768799207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of Serum Vitamin D With Macular Microvascular Structure in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Without Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9583-9076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1004-5629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3012-6846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youjin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7070-6688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suilian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8212-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haihua","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7573-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheren","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","volume-title":"Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2021.101140"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12954"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002373"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09575-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(99)00085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-S062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00175988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03118-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8193523"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.112023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221086240"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20220089"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00319.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.37.20230314"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010084"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28530-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000882"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-311942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9877205"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102624"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jdr\/5539240","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/jdr\/5539240","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jdr\/5539240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:10:22Z","timestamp":1774264222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/jdr\/5539240"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/jdr\/5539240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/jdr\/5539240","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6745","2314-6753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6745","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"5539240"}}