{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:50:00Z","timestamp":1792410600945,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":291,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82474653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82474653"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n This study employed a high\u2010energy diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection to establish a rat model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), focusing on inflammatory responses. The aim was to investigate the mechanism by which electroacupuncture (EA) improves the neuroinflammatory microenvironment in diabetic rats and attenuates DPN development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty\u2010four male SD rats were randomly assigned using a random number table into control, model, and EA groups, with eight rats in each group. A DPN model was established using a high\u2010energy diet combined with STZ injection. The EA group received intervention immediately after successful diabetic modeling, whereas intervention ceased once DPN modeling was established in the model group. During the intervention period, random blood glucose levels and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were recorded weekly for rats in each group. After intervention, the neurophysiological status of rats was assessed. The ultrastructure of Schwann cells in the sciatic nerve was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Western Blot and RT\u2010PCR were employed to detect the protein levels and mRNA expression of ASC, caspase\u20101, NLRP3, and P62. ELISA was implemented to measure IL\u201018 and IL\u20101\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n levels.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared with the control, model rats exhibited significantly elevated random blood glucose and PWL levels (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001), markedly reduced motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001), and pronounced damage to Schwann cell structure. ASC, caspase\u20101, NLRP3, and P62 levels were markedly elevated (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), whereas IL\u201018 and IL\u20101\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n levels were notably elevated (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001). Compared with the model group, rats in the EA group displayed no marked difference in random blood glucose (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05), but reduced PWL (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001), increased MNCV (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001), and milder structural damage to Schwann cells. ASC, caspase\u20101, NLRP3, and P62 levels were considerably reduced (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05), whereas IL\u201018 and IL\u20101\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n levels were notably diminished (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n EA may protect peripheral nerve tissue morphology and function by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasomes, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses and potentially attenuating the onset and progression of DPN. This process may be associated with autophagy; but further mechanistic studies are needed to establish causality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jdr\/6233881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:27:06Z","timestamp":1792409226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electroacupuncture Attenuates Peripheral Neuropathy Development in Hyperglycemic Rats and Is Associated With NLRP3 Inflammasome Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9758-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5096-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinglan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7875-8570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengguo","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6364-7512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9797-5658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8362-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1010-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bumrungtham","family":"Thitinun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7554-0958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM) Ministry of Education Chengdu Sichuan China meb.gov.tr"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0808-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junpeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9487-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan China cdutcm.edu.cn"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM) Ministry of Education Chengdu Sichuan China meb.gov.tr"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1265372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00188-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000723"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1220896"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2021-0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2026.103475"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","first-page":"324","article-title":"Systematic Review on the Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Sciatica","volume":"41","author":"Han C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","first-page":"2577","article-title":"Study on the Expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor After Acupuncture Intervention on Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":"35","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","volume-title":"A Study on the Mechanism of Acupuncture in Promoting Nerve Repair in Rats With Sciatic Nerve Injury Based on the JNK Signaling Pathway","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Effect of Electroacupuncture and Pretreatment of Electroacupuncture on Pain Sensitization and Expression of P2X7R in Spinal Dorsal Horn in Rats With Diabetic Neuropathic Pain","volume":"42","author":"Hu Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910835"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.748193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399816666200914141558"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9091948"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3893"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158574"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","first-page":"193","article-title":"Short-Term Intraocular Pressure Response to the Combined Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Over Acupoint (Acu-TENS) and Yoga Ocular Exercise in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"14","author":"Ismail A. M. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovations in Acupuncture and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04001-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8253904"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2023.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530321666210118161721"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-120219-035530"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.2016.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","first-page":"240","article-title":"Characteristics of Clinical Application of Electroacupuncture Therapy for Peripheral Neuropathy Based on Data Mining","volume":"46","author":"Zhang Z. D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acupuncture Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","first-page":"349","article-title":"Electroacupuncture Improves Peripheral Neuropathy by Up-Regulating Sirt1\/PGC-1\u03b1\/TFAM Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes Rats With Peripheral Neuropathy","volume":"49","author":"Yuan C. X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acupuncture Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Research Progress in Evaluation of Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Animal Model","volume":"34","author":"Zhu Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7530102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-022-01391-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005768"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.266910"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.921612"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01838-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22116068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","first-page":"300","article-title":"Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Neuropathy and Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"48","author":"Feng H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.788556"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13784"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-024-01459-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","first-page":"2103","article-title":"Mechanism on the Involvement of CB2 Receptor in Inhibiting the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Electroacupuncture on Alleviating Neuropathic Pain After Paclitaxel Chemotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Zhang H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"The Effect of Warm Acupuncture on the NLRP3\/Caspase1 Pathway and Related Inflammatory Factors in Rats With Post-Herpetic Neuralgia due to Kidney Yang Deficiency","volume":"46","author":"Qiu Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Guizhaou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","first-page":"948","article-title":"Effect of Electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), Liangmen (ST 21) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on NLRP3 Inflammasome and Downstream Inflammatory Factors in Diabetic Gastroparesis Rats","volume":"64","author":"Xiao L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","first-page":"2905","article-title":"The Regulatory Role of Electroacupuncture on Caspase-1 and Its Downstream IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 in Cornea of Type 2 Diabetic Dry Eye Rats","volume":"26","author":"Wan M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Science and Technology-Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3702"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"Effect of Electroacupuncture at \"Weiwanxiashu\" (EX-B 3) on Islet Morphology and the Expression of Pancreatic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor in Type 2 Diabetes Rats","volume":"42","author":"Cao B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acupuncture Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.2016.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/fmpcr.2022.110370"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/173656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001922"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51507\/j.jams.2023.16.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-05135-y"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jdr\/6233881","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/jdr\/6233881","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jdr\/6233881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:27:11Z","timestamp":1792409231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/jdr\/6233881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/jdr\/6233881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/jdr\/6233881","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6745","2314-6753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6745","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6233881"}}