{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:37:33Z","timestamp":1773794253370,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":281,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S67121N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S67121N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The current understanding of the avian immune system primarily stems from research conducted in chickens, given their economic significance as a food source. Extending the research to other avian species like\n                    <jats:italic>Psittaciformes<\/jats:italic>\n                    requires the use of label\u2010free techniques. Therefore, budgerigar (\n                    <jats:italic>Melopsittacus undulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) splenic leukocytes were characterized in this study, with the help of an immunological toolbox, integrating single\u2010cell transcriptomics and multiplex RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Twenty\u2010four distinct psittacine splenic leukocyte populations were identified and characterized, including, amongst others, germinal center (GC) B cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). For each of these 24 populations, markers were defined for subsequent use in immunological assays. To further examine splenic organization, multiplex RNA ISH was applied, successfully characterizing six out of the nine selected markers. This study showed that the psittacine immune system closely mirrors that of chickens. However, a detailed, comprehensive examination was hindered by the lack of a complete sequenced and annotated budgerigar genome and the limited number of replicates. Consequently, further investigation is imperative to advance our understanding of the avian immune system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/1554863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T05:05:13Z","timestamp":1760072713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unmasking Budgerigar Splenic Leukocyte Populations With Single\u2010Cell Transcriptomics and Multiplex RNA In Situ Hybridization"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9474-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"De Meyst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5319-6751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Lemeire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0517-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6582-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Vandamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisy","family":"Vanrompay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818708-1.00027-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.542466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2010.508777"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0711527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2005.00641.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","first-page":"2029","article-title":"Macromorphological, Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies of the Spleen in guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)","volume":"8","author":"Parmar N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/ijlr.20190512111657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Structure of Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) Spleen During Pre-and Post-Hatching Periods","volume":"162","author":"Liman N.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revue De M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(80)80023-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Histological and Functional Differentiation of Non-Lymphoid Cells in the Chicken Spleen","volume":"77","author":"Jeurissen S. H.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001650408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2013.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw777"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2019.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","unstructured":"WickhamH. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis 2016 https:\/\/ggplot2.tidyverse.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/56188"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818708-1.00005-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.6.2550"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818708-1.00033-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0307154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002097"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301979"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.11.5988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2010.02634.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05883.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2000.imr017507.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818708-1.00023-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400531"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171815"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81000-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818708-1.00019-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20112422"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1609"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102647"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01198-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0607426"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175194"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2017.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10044-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2021.24.e34"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818708-1.00024-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000301"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2505"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000448"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500821"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AbadieK. ClarkE. C. andUkoguO. et al.Flexible and Scalable Control of T Cell Memory by a Reversible Epigenetic Switch 2022 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.12.31.521782.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.12.31.521782"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/171520"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_2","unstructured":"Weizmann Institute of Science GeneCards the Human Gene Database 2023 https:\/\/www.genecards.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32705-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020523"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.01.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-014-0762-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2019.1683347"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0804441"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3960\/jslrt.55.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300454"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01202-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.10.2918.bloodjournal85102918"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00151.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200005000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M115.050138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.155199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_2","first-page":"456","article-title":"The Role of Interleukin-8 in Inflammation and Mechanisms of Regulation","volume":"64","author":"Bickel M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2018.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-08231-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.851004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpns.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.207"}],"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jimr\/1554863","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/jimr\/1554863","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jimr\/1554863","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T20:50:22Z","timestamp":1773780622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/jimr\/1554863"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Poorani","family":"Gurumallesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/jimr\/1554863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/jimr\/1554863","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-8861","2314-7156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-8861","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-7156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1554863"}}