{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T10:46:17Z","timestamp":1782643577443,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":178,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515110236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515110236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A030313647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A030313647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016A030313585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016A030313585"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a therapeutic challenge due to drug resistance and relapse, which are often driven by the protective bone marrow (BM) niche. Conventional xenograft models fail to adequately recapitulate this niche\u2010specific pathophysiology. To overcome this limitation, a novel magnetically targeted intramedullary (MagIC\u2010TI) xenograft model was developed. Magnetically labeled doxorubicin (DOX)\u2010resistant HL60 cells (Mag\u2010Re) were injected into the femurs of NSG (nonobese diabetic [NOD] Cg\u2010Prkdc\n                    <jats:sup>scid<\/jats:sup>\n                    IL2rg\n                    <jats:sup>tm1Wjl<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/SzJ) mice using a patented microinjection syringe under localized magnetic guidance. With the MagIC\u2010TI model, rapid (day 1) and specific (100% by day 7) leukemic engraftment was achieved within the femoral BM, whereas intravenous (IV) injection led to delayed (mean 23.67\u2009\u00b1\u200910.26 days) and disseminated engraftment. Bioluminescence imaging, histopathological analysis, flow cytometry, and molecular assays confirmed that disease was localized in the MagIC\u2010TI model. In contrast, extramedullary infiltration, predominantly in the lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys, was observed early in progression in the IV model. The MagIC\u2010TI model discriminated drug responses, showing effective tumor burden reduction with homoharringtonine (HHT) and unequivocal DOX resistance, a distinction that was obscured in heterogeneous IV models. Furthermore, employing a semisolid decalcification (SSD) system preserved green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence, enabling high\u2010resolution visualization of engrafted cells within bone tissue. The MagIC\u2010TI model enables BM\u2010targeted, rapid, and efficient leukemic engraftment and allows discrimination of drug sensitivity and resistance. This model provides a robust and reproducible platform for modeling the leukemia BM niche and for preclinical evaluation of niche\u2010directed therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/3236026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T10:35:07Z","timestamp":1782642907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Magnetically Targeted Intramedullary (MagIC\u2010TI) Xenograft Model for Precise Leukemia Modeling and Drug Resistance Evaluation in the Bone Marrow 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