{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T07:54:47Z","timestamp":1774252487476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":80,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Melanoma is a global health issue, with an increasing incidence in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs, e.g., antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 [PD\u20101]) and targeted therapies (e.g., BRAF\/MEK inhibitors) have revolutionized treatment for melanoma patients (MPs), but prognostic markers of drug response and disease progression remain elusive. We conducted a prospective baseline and follow\u2010up study to investigate peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes as immune biomarkers in stage III MPs receiving either anti\u2010PD\u20101 therapy or B\u2010type rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (BRAF)\/mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. Sixty\u2010four stage III MPs were prospectively recruited, of whom 42 received anti\u2010PD\u20101 therapy, and 22 received BRAF\/MEK inhibitors. Neutrophils and monocytes were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry, while plasma concentrations of neutrophil\u2010related mediators and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) biomarkers were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In MPs, neutrophils displayed an activated phenotype (CD16\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD62L\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and both neutrophils and monocytes had higher PD\u20101 ligand (PD\u2010L1) expression, compared with healthy controls (HCs). Importantly, higher percentages of CD16\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD62L\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    and PD\u2010L1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    neutrophils and PD\u2010L1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    monocytes\u2014but not higher levels of neutrophil\u2010related mediators and NET biomarkers\u2014were associated with disease progression only in MPs treated with anti\u2010PD\u20101 therapy but not in those treated with BRAF\/MEK inhibitors. This study reveals that a specific neutrophil and monocyte phenotype can predict clinical responses exclusively in ICI\u2010treated patients, highlighting their potential as prognostic biomarkers before starting the immune checkpoint inhibition in melanoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/3825424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:58:18Z","timestamp":1774249098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peripheral Blood Neutrophils and Monocytes Predict Disease Progression in Stage III Melanoma Patients Treated With Anti Programmed Cell Death Protein\u20101 (PD\u20101) Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2051-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annagioia","family":"Ventrici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2063-7124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Modestino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7835-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Cristinziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Caraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Spatocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo 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