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The disease\u2019s pathogenesis involves the deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) A immune complexes in vessels, triggering inflammation and damage. Recent research highlights the role of T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells) in HSP. The review delves into Tfh cells\u2019 biological functions, emphasizing their involvement in the HSP\u2019s development by activating autoreactive B cells and inducing the production of autoantibodies through the secretion of interleukin (IL)\u201021, IL\u20104, and IL\u20106. Additionally, the roles of different Tfh cell subsets in the pathogenesis of HSP are also characterized by their unique features. We also highlight the relationship between Tfh cells and galactose\u2010deficient IgA1 (Gd\u2010IgA1) production, compare Tfh\u2010mediated immune responses in HSP with those in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the Tfh\u2013B\u2010cell axis. It concludes by suggesting the need for further research on Tfh cells to understand HSP pathogenesis better and develop effective treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/4143288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T03:56:12Z","timestamp":1780026972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tfh Cells in Henoch\u2010Sch\u00f6nlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Current Concept"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7407-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junke","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6189-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3768-1406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8309-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00257"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05707-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2020.104035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40178"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.771619"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101400"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141380"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000789"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055605"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","first-page":"473","article-title":"Expression and Significance of Follicular Helper T Cells and Galactose-Deficient IgA1 in Children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura","volume":"22","author":"Wang B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01637"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3793"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4296"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12740"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3474"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.12.7867"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.9.5154"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Regulation of IL-4 Expression in Immunity and Diseases","volume":"941","author":"Ho I. 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