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NETs and interleukin (IL)\u201017 constitute a feed\u2010forward loop that promotes immunopathological development of inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the dynamic distribution of NETs and their colocalization with IL\u201017 during the progression of apical periodontitis in established mouse models. Apical periodontitis was induced in mice by exposing the pulp of the mandibular first molars, with mandibles harvested on day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after pulp exposure. Micro\u2010CT and high\u2010resolution X\u2010ray scanning showed progressive increases in both the area and volume of periapical lesions from day 0 to day 28. Osteoclasts in the periapical lesions were identified using tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, with their numbers peaking on day 21. Immunofluorescence staining was performed for citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), and IL\u201017 to localize NETs and their colocalization with IL\u201017 in lesions. NETs, which were visible on day 7 and increased gradually until day 21, primarily located in inflammatory infiltration areas of the periapical tissue. Additionally, western blot analysis showed increased CitH3 expression in periapical lesions on day 21 after pulp exposure, further confirming the presence of NETs. Both RT\u2010qPCR and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed increased IL\u201017 expression in periapical lesions. The colocalization of CitH3, the major component of NETs and IL\u201017 peaked on day 21 after pulp exposure. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that IL\u201017 promoted NETs formation under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010simulated inflammatory conditions. Our findings indicated that NETs expression changed dynamically and suggested a feedback loop between NETs and IL\u201017 during the development of apical periodontitis in mouse models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/8039031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T12:36:18Z","timestamp":1757939778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Dynamic Expression Changes of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Mouse Apical Periodontitis: A Potential Correlation With 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