{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T12:04:52Z","timestamp":1769947492189,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Host immune responses, including cytokine production, shape the severity of viral epidemics. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation regulate cytokine gene expression and may contribute to immune dysregulation in severe disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed interleukin\u20107 (IL\u20107), IL\u20108, and IL\u201010 promoter methylation in 145 COVID\u201019 patients (91 wards, 54 intensive care units (ICUs)), excluding 12 patients receiving epigenetically active drugs. Peripheral blood DNA underwent bisulfite conversion, followed by PCR and gel electrophoresis. Gene\u2010specific methylation levels were quantified using beta values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IL\u20107 was significantly hypermethylated overall (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.835,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), especially in ICU patients (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.863,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), independent of age, mortality, and malignancy. An interaction between age and ICU status indicated group\u2010specific effects. IL\u201010 showed significant hypomethylation (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.243,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), while IL\u20108 methylation did not differ significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.373). ICU patients had higher mortality (26% vs 5.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL\u20107 hypermethylation may impair T\u2010cell\u2013mediated immunity in severe cases, while IL\u201010 hypomethylation may reflect enhanced immunosuppression. These findings suggest a role for epigenetic cytokine regulation in disease progression and may guide future immunomodulatory strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/9467657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T11:05:08Z","timestamp":1767870308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epigenetic Modulation of IL\u20107 and IL\u201010: Toward Personalized Immune Therapies in Viral Epidemics"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0813-0403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zerrin","family":"Yulugkural","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1192-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9413-0433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ertugrul","family":"Topcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3421-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habibe T\u00fclin","family":"Elmaslar Mert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0804-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alp","family":"Temiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02796-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1643-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31683-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01015-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01708"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2020.1796896"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2021-0057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25685"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2970"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0479-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2024.24.e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.808797"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03427-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1161067"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00438-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.819941"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00346"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13237-021-00367-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","volume-title":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology","author":"Abbas A. 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