{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:55:33Z","timestamp":1776275733942,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":104,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MK 01\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MK 01\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize patients with activation\u2010induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of immunity (IEI), and examine the role of insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101) and cellular oxidative stress in the pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients data was retrieved from the Kuwait National Primary Immunodeficiency Registry. Plasma IGF\u20101 levels were tested by ELISA assay, while bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was used as an index of DNA synthesis. IGF\u20101 receptor (IGF\u20101R) protein was measured by immunoblot analysis while PBMC NADPH oxidase activity and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by colorimetric assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine patients with AICDA deficiency (6 with c.254G &gt;A and 3 with c.169G &gt;A variants) were included in this study. All patients suffered from bacterial infections, while four had lymphoproliferation. Plasma IGF\u20101 and lipid peroxide (MDA) levels were significantly higher in AICDA\u2010deficient patients when compared with controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010values &lt;0.05 and &lt;0.05, respectively). PBMCs isolated from AICDA deficient patients had significantly more IGF\u20101\u2010stimulated BrdU incorporation than controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009 &lt; 0.01), while IGF\u20101R levels were not statistically different. There was no statistical difference in plasma levels of IGF\u20101 and DNA synthesis between patients with and without lymphoproliferation. NADPH oxidase activity in PBMC of AICDA patients and controls was not statistically different.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We documented a novel finding of increased plasma levels of IGF\u20101 in AICDA deficient patients. This may help in the future in better understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and possible use of targeted therapy or precision medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/9495312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:02:39Z","timestamp":1776272559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased IGF\u20101 and DNA Synthesis in Patients With Activation\u2010Induced Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9549-6915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gursev","family":"Dhaunsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4244-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed","family":"Al-Herz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)00079-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.09.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425917739681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00078-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000516361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2005.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X17666220407085901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012428"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjh.2016.0075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700493R"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgy112"}],"container-title":["Journal 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