{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:47Z","timestamp":1789084847666,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Research on long\u2010term follow\u2010up in individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease\u201019 (COVID\u201019) would yield insights regarding their immunity status and identify those who need booster vaccinations. This study evaluated the longevity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102)\u2010specific cellular and humoral memory responses, as well as T cell effector functionalities, at 1\u20132 months (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940), 8\u20139 months (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940), and 12 months\/1 year (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200927) following recovery from SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. CTL response by enzyme\u2010linked immunospot (ELISPOT); levels of cytokine by Bio\u2010Plex, natural killer (NK), CD4+ helper, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell functionalities using flow cytometry; anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG by ELISA; and levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) by surrogate virus NAb assay were assessed. The levels of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific IgG and NAb at 1\u20132 and 8\u22129 months postrecovery were hand in hand and appeared declining. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific B, memory B and plasma cells, and T cells sustained up to 8\u20139 months. Increased expression of CD107a\/IFN\u2010\u03b3 by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells at 8\u20139 months could be indicative of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific effector functions. Recovered individuals with positive and negative IgG antibody status displayed T cell response up to 1 year and 8\u20139 months, respectively, emphasizing the durabilty of effector immunity up to 8\u20139 months regardless of IgG antibody status. Overall, the recovered individuals exhibited robust immunological memory, sustained T cell response with effector functionality against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 that persists for at least 8\u20139 months.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jimr\/9743866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T01:39:31Z","timestamp":1739237971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Durability of Functional SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010Specific Immunological Memory and T Cell Response up to 8\u20139 Months Postrecovery From COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Diptee","family":"Trimbake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharmendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh Gurav","family":"K.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Babar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha Dange","family":"S.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8919-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha S.","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2206573"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8846953"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034545"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.610688"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco-MeloD. 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