{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:45:21Z","timestamp":1793324721590,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":74,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4004581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4004581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Depression and anxiety are common in UC patients due to gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased proinflammatory markers. Butyrate, a short\u2010chain fatty acid, participates in the regulation of gut microbiota and inflammation and has neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we assessed the effects of sodium butyrate supplementation on the disease severity, inflammation, and psychological factors in active UC patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study was a randomized, parallel, double\u2010blind controlled trial. Participants in the intervention (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200918) and control (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200918) groups received 600\u2009mg\/kg of sodium butyrate or rice starch as a placebo with their main meal, respectively, for 12\u2009weeks. The partial Mayo score was used to evaluate disease severity, while the Westergren method was employed to assess the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). NLR and PLR were determined using an automated analyzer (XS\u2010500i, Sysmex). Moreover, the psychological factors were assessed by the hospital anxiety depression scale (HADS) and the general health questionnaire (GHQ).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In comparison with placebo, sodium\u2010butyrate supplementation significantly decreased the ESR level (\u22126.66\u2009\u00b1\u20091.56 vs. 3.00\u2009\u00b1\u20092.11,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.01), NLR (\u22120.24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 vs. 0.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02), Mayo score (\u22122.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41 vs. 0.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.40,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), HADS anxiety score (\u22122.77\u2009\u00b1\u20090.64 vs. 0.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.63,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001), HADS depression score (\u22122.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47 vs. 0.61\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), and GHQ total score (\u221212.11\u2009\u00b1\u20091.48\n                    <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 3.55\u2009\u00b1\u20091.39,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Butyrate could serve as an effective adjuvant treatment for reducing disease severity and alleviating psychological symptoms. This trial was registered on the Research Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, with the reference number IR.SUMS.SCHEANUT.REC.1400.037.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20211214053401N1\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jnme\/3165876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T02:48:31Z","timestamp":1742179711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acid\u2010Butyrate Supplementation on the Disease Severity, Inflammation, and Psychological Factors in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Double\u2010Blind Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5870-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donya","family":"Firoozi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6712-6802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Jalil","family":"Masoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0514-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed","family":"Mohammad-Kazem Hosseini Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9362-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Fararouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2013-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaz","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang Y.-Z.","year":"2014","journal-title":"WJG"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","article-title":"The Healing Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Carum Copticum L. On Experimental Colitis in Rats","volume":"44","author":"Firoozi D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Management Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1987779"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","article-title":"Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease","author":"Byrne G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00014-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00634-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","article-title":"Immunoregulatory Role of the Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Depression","volume":"15","author":"Liu P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852915000449"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","article-title":"Assessing the Effect of Interaction Between Gut Microbiome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease on the Risks of Depression","volume":"26","author":"Qin X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BBI-Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05265-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0307-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800100-4.00003-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02550-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091882"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","article-title":"Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"10","author":"Parada Venegas D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10071154"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.3.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7734"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101374"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000505132"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e32836546fc"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2015.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02203-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20520"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","first-page":"290","article-title":"Comparative Assessment of Dentists\u2019 Psychological Health Status in Shiraz With Their Physicians Counterparts Using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28)","volume":"25","author":"Choobineh A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"JDT"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b06359"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0137"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Efficacy of Butyrate in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Crohn\u2032s Disease","volume":"1","author":"Di Sabatino A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"DLD"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","article-title":"The Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Inulin Supplementation on Angiotensin Signaling Pathway via Promotion of Akkermansia Muciniphila Abundance in Type 2 Diabetes; A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"9","author":"Roshanravan N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCVTR"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","article-title":"Effect of Supplementation of a Butyrate-Based Formula in Individuals With Liver Steatosis and Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"16","author":"Fogacci F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123941"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02571-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27248715"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014834"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_2","article-title":"Role of Leukocytes and Systemic Inflammation Indexes (NLR, PLR, MLP, dNLR, NLPR, AISI, SIR-I, and SII) on Admission Predicts In-Hospital Mortality in Non-Elderly and Elderly COVID-19 Patients","volume":"9","author":"Ghobadi H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106504"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.217406"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.50965"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90233.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-121493"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81628-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-020-09518-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2020.20.e15"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202612666150728121121"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0765-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.1726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01272-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_2","article-title":"Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Gut Dysfunction and Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease by Regulating Gut Microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jnme\/3165876","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/jnme\/3165876","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jnme\/3165876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T18:04:23Z","timestamp":1786385063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/jnme\/3165876"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Gumpricht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/jnme\/3165876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/jnme\/3165876","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0724","2090-0732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0724","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3165876"}}