{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:21:40Z","timestamp":1791908500417,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":324,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dietary supplements are widely used by athletes and sportspersons; however, little is known about protein supplement intake among university students undertaking strength training in gyms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine the consumption, knowledge, perceptions, and use of protein supplementation, alone or in association with other supplements, among university students attending fitness centers in the UAE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among university students in the UAE using a previously validated, self\u2010administered online survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 402 adults participated in the study. Approximately 260 (64%) of the participants visited fitness centers, with a higher percentage of males (154\/207, 74.4%) than females (106\/195, 54.4%). Those who frequented gyms consumed more protein supplements (91\/260, 35.0%) compared with nonattendees (8\/142, 5.6%). Significant gender differences were observed regarding the benefits and risks of protein supplementation. Among all the participants, 123 (31%) thought that the greatest benefit was building muscle mass, while 141 (35%) believed there was no risk involved. Among protein supplement users, 65 of 109 (59.6%) experienced some type of side effect. Additionally, 57 (14.2%) reported that friends or family encouraged them to take protein supplements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is an urgent need to educate university students about the responsible use of protein supplements and the potential risks associated with their misuse. This can be achieved by providing reliable information through university health centers, academic tutors, nutritionists, and awareness campaigns conducted by student wellness services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jnme\/5582105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T05:31:01Z","timestamp":1763789461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of the University Students\u2019 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Use of Protein Supplements: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study From the United Arab 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