{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:56:46Z","timestamp":1790578606070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":269,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a fundamental role in energy production and antioxidant activity in humans. Direct supplementation with both the ubiquinol and ubiquinone forms of CoQ10 increases circulating concentrations, although comparative efficacy remains uncertain. Furthermore, nutrients supporting endogenous CoQ10 production, such as geranylgeraniol (GG), suggest that supplementation may indirectly increase CoQ10 concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A randomized, double\u2010blind, parallel\u2010arm, placebo\u2010controlled trial was conducted comparing 8\u2009weeks of label\u2010dose supplementation with commercially available formulations of (1) ubiquinone; (2) ubiquinol; (3) GG; (4) ubiquinol\u2009+\u2009GG; and (5) placebo among healthy adults. The primary outcome was plasma CoQ10 concentrations. Secondary outcomes included lipid concentrations, markers of kidney and liver function, and validated questionnaires (PROMIS\u2013Global Health, Profile of Mood States\u2013Vigor subscale, and SF\u201036 Vitality subscale) assessing physical and mental health. Mean changes were compared across study arms using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied to the comparisons to placebo, and statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0125. Tukey\u2019s multiple comparison procedure was applied to comparisons between each of the active study products, and statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 150 participants were randomized. The mean age was 52.1\u2009years, and the sample was diverse with respect to sex and race\/ethnicity. Changes in CoQ10 with ubiquinone (+\u20091.46), ubiquinol (+\u20092.29), and ubiquinol\u2009+\u2009GG (+\u20092.45) were greater than placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). There were no differences between GG and placebo, ubiquinone and ubiquinol, or ubiquinol and ubiquinol\u2009+\u2009GG (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2265 0.15). Ubiquinol\u2009+\u2009GG (+\u20090.99\u2009mg\/L) outperformed ubiquinone (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.045). There were no differences versus placebo in questionnaires (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.16). Adverse events were rare across all study arms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supplementation with ubiquinone, ubiquinol, and ubiquinol\u2009+\u2009GG was well\u2010tolerated and increased CoQ10 concentrations among healthy adults. While GG had no independent effects on CoQ10 concentrations, an interaction effect cannot be excluded, and this should be evaluated in a future factorial trial specifically designed for this purpose. Future studies evaluating the impact of ubiquinone\u2009+\u2009GG may also be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trail Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06640465\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jnme\/5589963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:27:04Z","timestamp":1790576824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Commercially Available Ubiquinone, Ubiquinol, and Geranylgeraniol Dietary Supplements on Plasma CoQ10 Concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2415-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"D\u2019Adamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6994-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Holthouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandilyn","family":"Binstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellie","family":"Adair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Piedrahita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Wehage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3677-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9050386"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2011.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-04232-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01906-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.250159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","first-page":"50","article-title":"The Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Skin Aging and Opportunities for Topical Intervention: A Review","volume":"17","author":"Lain E. 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