{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:59:10Z","timestamp":1790546350276,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":291,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of GLP\u20101 RAs in adults with obesity or overweight, by comparing different GLP\u20101 RAs, identifying the most effective agents, and evaluating adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We systematically searched Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane for phase 3 and 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a minimum duration of 40\u2009weeks. Included studies compared GLP\u20101 RAs to placebo or to each other in adults with obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200930\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) or overweight (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200927\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We excluded crossover trials, open\u2010label studies, early\u2010phase trials, and studies focusing on specific subpopulations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 22 RCTs involving 41,757 participants were included. Among adults with T2DM, the greatest weight reductions were observed with tirzepatide 15\u2009mg (\u22129.5\u2009kg at 40\u2009weeks; 72% lost \u2265 5% of baseline weight) and semaglutide 2.4\u2009mg (\u22129.6% body weight at 68\u2009weeks; 69% lost \u2265 5%). In participants without T2DM, semaglutide 2.4\u2009mg (\u221214.9% body weight at 68\u2009weeks) and tirzepatide 15\u2009mg (\u221220.9% at 72\u2009weeks) produced the most substantial effects, while semaglutide 50\u2009mg was also effective in nondiabetic patients. Liraglutide 3\u2009mg showed modest efficacy. Across trials, GLP\u20101 RAs were consistently associated with a higher frequency of gastrointestinal adverse events compared to placebo, including nausea (14%\u201328% vs. 5%\u201310%), vomiting (6%\u201312% vs. 2%\u20134%), and diarrhea (8%\u201320% vs. 4%\u20137%). The risk of pancreatitis and serious adverse events remained comparable to placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101 RAs, especially semaglutide and tirzepatide, are effective for weight management. Liraglutide may remain a viable, cost\u2010effective alternative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jobe\/3897161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T02:04:04Z","timestamp":1760925844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists for Obesity Management in Adults With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic 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