{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:01:43Z","timestamp":1789423303093,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":193,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ70161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ70161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nursing Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthcare providers involved in a medical adverse event, referred to as second victims, frequently suffer negative psychological distress. However, little was known about the post\u2010traumatic growth of this population from a positive perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the level of post\u2010traumatic growth among second victims of medical adverse events and to explore the factors associated with this growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multisite, cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four tertiary hospitals in Changsha city, Hunan province, China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A final sample of 237 medical staff who had been exposed to and reported at least one prior adverse event previously participated in the survey from July to October 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing a two\u2010stage stratified random sampling technique, participants were recruited to complete an online survey measuring sociodemographic characteristics, post\u2010traumatic growth, perceived social support, and emotion regulation strategies. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to identify significant correlates of post\u2010traumatic growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 237 valid respondents, 71.31% were nurses and 40.08% experienced a level III adverse event (resulting in no patient harm). The average total score for post\u2010traumatic growth was 2.53\u2009\u00b1\u20091.26. The mean scores for each dimension were 2.66\u2009\u00b1\u20091.31 for personal strength, 2.66\u2009\u00b1\u20091.22 for appreciation of life, 2.54\u2009\u00b1\u20091.22 for relating to others, 2.43\u2009\u00b1\u20091.24 for new possibilities, and 2.32\u2009\u00b1\u20091.28 for spiritual change. Support from significant others, cognitive reappraisal, workplace environment, less severe adverse event, younger age, shorter length of employment, and an introverted personality type were significantly associated with post\u2010traumatic growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Second victims of medical adverse events demonstrated low\u2010to\u2010moderate levels of post\u2010traumatic growth. Perceived support from significant others and the use of cognitive reappraisal strategies are key factors associated with positive psychological changes among health care providers following an adverse event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Nurse Managers<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurse managers should prioritize hospital\u2010based, institutional support mechanisms rather than relying solely on second victims\u2019 personal relationships. This includes implementing structured peer\u2010support systems, conducting formal debriefing, and cultivating a nonpunitive organizational culture of psychological safety to foster post\u2010traumatic growth following adverse clinical events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jonm\/5142544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:02:07Z","timestamp":1783994527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Navigating Recovery After Medical Adverse Events: The Role of Social Support and Cognitive Reappraisal in Second Victims\u2019 Post\u2010Traumatic Growth"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3100-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfang","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1500-2972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4189-6884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renfang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7447-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuting","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2729-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","volume-title":"To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System","author":"Kohn L. 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