{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:00:07Z","timestamp":1790060407926,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":192,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007194","name":"Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y2023049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2023049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007194","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nursing Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to thoroughly investigate the protective effects of various breastfeeding rates on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), clarify the relationship between them, and further determine the minimum protective threshold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study enrolled 276 preterm infants who were born in the obstetrics department of a tertiary Grade A hospital in Zhejiang, China, and were directly admitted to the NICU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study involved 276 infants, categorized into three breastfeeding groups based on proportion: low (100 infants, 36.2%), medium (98 infants, 35.5%), and high (78 infants, 28.3%). Notably, the incidence of BPD in the high\u2010proportion breastfeeding group (19.5%) was significantly lower than that in the medium\u2010proportion group (44.5%) and the low\u2010proportion group (55%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of BPD between the medium\u2010proportion group and the low\u2010proportion group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Exploratory nonlinear analyses suggested a possible candidate inflection point around 0.31, above which the inverse association between breastfeeding proportion and BPD appeared stronger.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in protecting premature infants from BPD. However, this protective effect does not increase linearly but becomes significant only when the breastfeeding rate reaches 31%. However, this threshold\u2010related finding should be interpreted cautiously and requires validation in larger studies with more comprehensive confounder adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jonm\/5560949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:48:26Z","timestamp":1783921706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative Threshold Analysis: Assessing Breastfeeding\u2019s Protective Impact on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm 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