{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T21:51:31Z","timestamp":1789941091971,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":324,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007547","name":"Fourth Military Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HLKYKT-202511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HLKYKT-202511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nursing Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health threat to patients\u2019 physical and mental health. Effective self\u2010management can slow disease progression in early stages. However, prolonged treatment often leads to ego depletion and subsequently impacts self\u2010management. Interventions to address this issue remain underdeveloped.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of psychological empowerment\u2013based motivational interviewing program on early\u2010stage CKD patients\u2019 self\u2010management, perceived empowerment, and ego depletion and to explore their engagement experiences and the underlying reasons for the intervention\u2019s effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study employed the explanatory sequential mixed methods design comprised of a randomized controlled trial and a qualitative study, which were conducted in a tertiary hospital from July 2022 to November 2023. About 70 patients with early CKD were randomly assigned to a control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935) receiving standard clinical nursing, or an intervention group receiving a 12\u2010week nurse\u2010led psychological empowerment\u2013based motivational interviewing program consisting of four interview sessions and four consolidation sessions. CKD Self\u2010Management Behavior Scale, Patient Perception of Empowerment Scale, Self\u2010Regulation Fatigue Scale, and biochemical indicators were collected at baseline (T1), after 4\u2009weeks of intervention (T2), immediately postintervention completion (T3), and 4\u2009weeks after intervention completion (T4). Data were analyzed by generalized estimating equation model. Semistructured interviews were conducted with the participants in the intervention group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The participants\u2019 mean age was 42.76\u2009years (SD\u2009=\u200910.59). Compared with the control group, the intervention group had a statistically significant improvement in self\u2010management behavior (T2:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918.26, T3:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923.73, T4:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923.78;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), ego depletion (T2:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22128.46, T3:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221211.35, T4:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221213.35;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and perceived empowerment (T2:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.77,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002; T3:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099.41, T4:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098.99;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Qualitative interviews of 14 participants indicated that the intervention could affect self\u2010perception, improve emotion, and establish healthy behaviors, which may explain such encouraging effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The psychological empowerment\u2013based motivational interviewing program produced immediate and delayed benefits on self\u2010management, perceived empowerment, and ego depletion in patients with early CKD. These findings provide new strategies for chronic disease management and psychological nursing.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      Chinese Registry of Clinical Trials: ChiCTR2200064257.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jonm\/6822744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T05:51:05Z","timestamp":1763790665000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Psychological Empowerment\u2013Based Motivational Interviewing Program on Self\u2010Management Behavior in Patients With Early Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mixed Methods Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5961-3106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5947-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3018-4421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuqiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6766-5256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1283-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9307-7160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honghong","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(12)60033-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(23)00570-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12634"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2620"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02482-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05249-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2024.101882"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-024-02957-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2021.1878050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007374.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2023.105114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/iby064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-022-02669-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2006.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1043031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","volume-title":"Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change","author":"Miller W. 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