{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:54:26Z","timestamp":1791438866129,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":279,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004769","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nursing Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine which of three functionally distinct, demand\u2010relevant self\u2010efficacy beliefs showed the most consistent prospective association with baseline\u2010adjusted changes in perceived user (i.e., patients, relatives and visitors) incivility, psychosomatic symptoms and job satisfaction among healthcare workers, and whether a targeted training programme can strengthen this resource in acute nursing settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two linked studies: Study 1 used a two\u2010wave change\u2010over\u2010time design, and Study 2 used an exploratory pre\u2013post intervention design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Study 1, 74 healthcare workers completed measures at two time points over three months. Standardised residualised change analyses examined whether three baseline self\u2010efficacy beliefs differing in their level of specificity and primary capability domain\u2014self\u2010efficacy in managing challenging user behaviour, regulatory emotional self\u2010efficacy in managing negative emotions at work (RESE\u2010W) and trauma\u2010related coping self\u2010efficacy (CSE)\u2014predicted changes in perceived user incivility, psychosomatic symptoms and job satisfaction. In Study 2, 22 nurses from acute units participated in a unit\u2010tailored training programme grounded in social cognitive theory. Pre\u2013post analyses assessed changes in self\u2010efficacy for managing challenging user behaviour and related communication competencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Study 1, higher baseline self\u2010efficacy in managing challenging user behaviour predicted more favourable changes in perceived user incivility, psychosomatic symptoms and job satisfaction. In contrast, CSE was associated only with psychosomatic symptoms, while RESE\u2010W showed no significant associations. In Study 2, self\u2010efficacy in managing challenging user behaviour showed a significant immediate pre\u2013post increase following the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the self\u2010efficacy beliefs examined, self\u2010efficacy in managing challenging user interactions showed the most consistent predictive pattern across the three outcomes. Preliminary findings indicate a short\u2010term increase in this psychological resource following brief, context\u2010sensitive training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Nursing Management<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessing and supporting interaction\u2010focused self\u2010efficacy may complement broader organisational strategies for managing user incivility. Controlled studies are needed to determine whether targeted training produces durable improvements in occupational well\u2010being or care quality and whether it can be scaled across settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study 1 adhered to the STROBE guidelines; Study 2 adhered to the TREND and TIDieR guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No patient or public involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jonm\/7488653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:29:43Z","timestamp":1791437383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Demand\u2010Matched Self\u2010Efficacy and Perceived User Incivility in Healthcare: A Two\u2010Wave Study and an Exploratory Training Intervention"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5798-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cavallari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of Pavia  27100 Pavia Italy  unipv.eu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7901-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Setti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of Pavia  27100 Pavia Italy  unipv.eu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9107-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deirdre E.","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Work &amp; Employment Studies University of Limerick  V94 T9PX Limerick Ireland  ul.ie"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9273-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Sommovigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Management University of Pavia  27100 Pavia Italy  unipv.eu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12171787"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/jonm\/7052173"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078390319900243"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001976"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/259136"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2022.105990"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40521"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16111"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16120"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066x.44.3.513"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13783"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2024.2364609"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-85803-1_16","volume-title":"Organizational Behavior: Current Science, Models, and Applications","author":"Yaranon P. 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