{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:50:04Z","timestamp":1785912604996,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":215,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nursing Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To develop and validate the Nurse Unit Manager Competency Scale (NUM\u2010CS) and to examine the stability of its factor structure across hospital settings in China.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Nurse Unit Managers (NUMs) play a central role in clinical governance and care delivery. In China, NUM appointments are commonly based on seniority rather than formal competency assessment. Existing international frameworks provide useful reference points but do not fully reflect the demands of specialized and high\u2010risk hospital contexts. A context\u2010sensitive and psychometrically robust instrument is, therefore, needed to support competency\u2010based nursing management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A multiphase methodological study was conducted between May and December 2025. Items were generated from a prior qualitative study and refined through two rounds of Delphi consultation. Psychometric testing was performed using two independent samples: a specialized hospital sample (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009151) for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a cross\u2010setting sample (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009212) for confirmatory factor (CFA) analysis. Reliability, construct validity, and criterion\u2010related validity were examined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The final NUM\u2010CS consisted of 33 self\u2010report items across six competency domains. EFA showed excellent sampling adequacy (KMO\u2009=\u20090.953; Bartlett\u2019s\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 5248.363,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), accounting for 74.28% of the total variance. CFA supported the six\u2010factor model across hospital settings. Internal consistency was high across all domains. Total NUM\u2010CS scores were positively correlated with the 12\u2010item situational judgment test score (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.312,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The NUM\u2010CS is a preliminarily validated, practice\u2010oriented tool for identifying and developing NUM reserve candidates across diverse hospital settings in China.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Implications for Nursing Management<\/jats:title>\n The NUM\u2010CS offers a structured tool to support competency\u2010based identification, development, and formative assessment of NUM reserve candidates, particularly in specialized and high\u2010risk clinical environments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jonm\/9388493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:17:33Z","timestamp":1785910653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of the Nurse Unit Manager Competency Scale (NUM\u2010CS): A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9589-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1111-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6063-744X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuxia","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2838-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3808-685X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nianhao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7792-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9732-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haixin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8013-1424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","volume-title":"The Role of the Nurse Manager","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13649"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03719-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/2655382"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/JNM-2021-0040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2024.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3761\/j.issn.1672-9234.2023.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","volume-title":"The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance","author":"Boyatzis R. E.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","article-title":"AONL Nurse Manager Competencies","author":"American Organization for Nursing Leadership","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Organization for Nursing Leadership"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-026-04695-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7150.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","volume-title":"Scale Development: Theory and Applications","author":"DeVellis R. F.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","volume-title":"Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research","author":"Brown T. A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling","author":"Kline R. 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