{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:29:46Z","timestamp":1788449386905,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":200,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2022-NR070839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR070839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2022-NR071821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR071821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A2C110161015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2C110161015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nursing Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shift work is essential for continuous patient care but disrupts circadian rhythms, leading to increased fatigue, burnout, and the risk of errors. Existing guidelines for managing nurse fatigue remain broad and often lack actionable strategies for roster design and staffing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify optimal shift patterns and sleep\u2013wake schedules that minimize fatigue among rotating night\u2010shift nurses, using mathematical modeling to provide actionable recommendations for nursing management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quantitative observational study was conducted with 273 nurses working 8\u2010h rotating three\u2010shift systems in three Korean hospitals. Sleep was monitored over 14\u2009days using wearable devices, supplemented with survey data. Fatigue was estimated using a validated mathematical model based on the two\u2010process model of sleep regulation, and simulations were applied to evaluate alternative shift sequences and sleep\u2013wake strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Night shifts resulted in the shortest sleep (mean 5.0\u2009h) and the highest fatigue, with over half of work hours predicted to be spent in a fatigued state. Three consecutive day or evening shifts yielded the most favorable outcomes, with cumulative sleep exceeding 26\u2009h and fatigue limited to less than 1\u2009hour. Conversely, three consecutive night shifts resulted in the poorest outcomes, with fatigue affecting 34.7% of work hours. Quick return patterns (&lt;\u200911\u2009h between shifts) significantly increased fatigue despite comparable sleep durations. Model\u2010derived recommendations\u2014such as immediate postshift sleep following night duty\u2014improved recovery and reduced cumulative fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limiting consecutive night duties, avoiding quick returns, and supporting tailored sleep routines may reduce fatigue among rotating night\u2010shift nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Nursing Management<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide managers with practical, evidence\u2010based guidance for roster design, policy development, and staff education. Incorporating fatigue modeling into workforce planning can enhance nurse well\u2010being, reduce error risks, and promote sustainable healthcare delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jonm\/9994492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:55:50Z","timestamp":1784613350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Data\u2010Driven Scheduling Strategies to Minimize Fatigue in Rotating Night\u2010Shift Nurses"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4268-6437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1814-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geunsoo","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7067-5777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonsu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2563-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sijin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyoung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunghwa","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4461-9521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bomin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5119-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sol","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9880-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyojung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","volume":"124","year":"2020","journal-title":"Night Shift Work IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","unstructured":"Korean Hospital Nurses Association Research of Hospital Nurses Working Condition 2019 https:\/\/khna.or.kr\/home\/pds\/utilities.php?bo_table=board1%26wr_id=8037%26page=2."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2020.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-016-1187-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-457"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2019.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.17114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582211001426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2022.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.SW-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103745"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","unstructured":"American Nurses Association 2014 Addressing Nurse Fatigue to Promote Safety and Health: Joint Responsibilities of Registered Nurses and Employers to Reduce Risks"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Is There an Optimal Sleep-Wake Pattern in Shift Work?","volume":"24","author":"\u00c5kerstedt T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"A Two Process Model of Sleep Regulation","volume":"1","author":"Borb\u00e9ly A. 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