{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:08:27Z","timestamp":1785154107506,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":207,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate macular thickness, choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to assess the possible relationship between these parameters and sex hormone levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional study included 41 women with PCOS and 46 age\u2010matched healthy controls. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and spectral\u2010domain optical coherence tomography (SD\u2010OCT) with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode. The right eye of each participant was included in the analysis. Choroidal thickness was measured at five predefined locations. CVI and CVI1500 were calculated from binarized EDI\u2010OCT images using ImageJ software. Hormonal, metabolic, and lipid parameters were recorded. Statistical analyses included independent samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests and multivariable linear regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Subfoveal and 1000\u2009\u00b5m nasal choroidal thicknesses were significantly greater in the PCOS group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048 and 0.035, respectively). CVI and CVI1500 values were significantly higher in PCOS patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.027 and &lt;\u20090.001, respectively), with CVI1500 demonstrating the largest effect size (Cohen\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.00). LA1500 was significantly higher in the PCOS group (0.108\u2009\u00b1\u20090.016 vs. 0.101\u2009\u00b1\u20090.013,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022), whereas SA1500 and macular thickness did not differ significantly between groups. No significant difference was observed in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. In the systemic profile, BMI, fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TSH, and T4 were comparable between groups. PCOS patients had significantly higher LH, LH\/FSH ratio, total testosterone, DHEA\u2010SO4, insulin, HOMA\u2010IR levels, and lower HDL cholesterol levels. FSH was borderline lower in the PCOS group but did not reach statistical significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCOS is associated with increased choroidal vascularity and selected choroidal thickness parameters. CVI may represent a potential imaging marker of subclinical choroidal vascular alterations in PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/joph\/1313399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:54:16Z","timestamp":1785153256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Macular Thickness, Choroidal Thickness, and Choroidal Vascularity Index in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9213-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alper","family":"G\u00fcne\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7494-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selim","family":"G\u00fcl\u00fcc\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)00717-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","first-page":"2841","article-title":"Identification of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor mRNA Expression in the Conjunctiva of Premenopausal Women","volume":"43","author":"Fuchsjager-Mayrl 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