{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:30:14Z","timestamp":1784590214427,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202240131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202240131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016983","name":"Shanghai Clinical Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YNCR2C004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNCR2C004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016983","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the corneal spherical component (SC), regular astigmatism (RA), irregular astigmatism (IA, including asymmetry and irregularity), and visual quality 6\u2009years after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for mild\u2010to\u2010moderate myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, comparative study comprised the SMILE group (35 eyes) and LASEK group (36 eyes). Visual acuity, corneal topography utilizing swept\u2010source anterior segment OCT, and wavefront aberrations were recorded preoperatively and 6 years postoperatively. Fourier analysis of keratometric\u2010derived parameters of the anterior, posterior, and total cornea at 6\u2009mm zone was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six years postoperatively, the safety and efficacy indices were comparable between both groups. Fourier analysis revealed significant changes in SC decrease and asymmetry increase of the anterior and total cornea (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), with LASEK exhibiting a more pronounced flattening effect of the anterior cornea (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Interestingly, RA of the anterior and total cornea decreased significantly after LASEK (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016, \u20090.002, respectively). Further linear correlation analysis showed that changes in SC (\u0394 SC) of anterior cornea and total cornea were correlated with the preoperative spherical power, mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), lenticule thickness\/ablation depth, \u0394K1, and \u0394K2 (all\n                      <jats:italic>|r|<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.85,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Compared with LASEK, SMILE induced less horizontal coma at 6 years postoperatively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both SMILE and LASEK are safe and effective procedures for correction of mild\u2010to\u2010moderate myopia. LASEK demonstrates an advantage in flattening the anterior cornea and reducing regular astigmatism, while SMILE exhibits superior performance in inducing less horizontal coma<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06673992\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/joph\/5989651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T06:47:57Z","timestamp":1770619677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Corneal Irregular Astigmatism and Visual Quality Following Bilateral Sequential SMILE and LASEK: A Six\u2010Year Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8267-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weinan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9821-0617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2886-1895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02568-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-04227-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20151111-02"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20170221-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20150303-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4921090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20161117-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20100618-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S84354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(00)00379-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)00903-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)00847-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597x-19900501-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0886-3350(98)80165-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.5.534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001532"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3430742"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2020.1726404"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1165-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20140422-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000001165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182251"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0965-1"}],"container-title":["Journal 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