{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T14:20:30Z","timestamp":1774621230643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":81,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002543","name":"Pusan National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the factors associated with variability in the longitudinal visual field (VF) test in patients with normal\u2010tension glaucoma (NTG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study enrolled patients with NTG who underwent\u2009\u2265\u200912 reliable VF tests over a follow\u2010up period of\u2009\u2265\u20096\u2009years. For each eye, 52 total deviation values (TDVs) were linearly regressed against time (years), while the root\u2010mean\u2010squared error (RMSE) of the residuals was calculated to quantify the long\u2010term VF variability. Hierarchical cluster analysis using squared Spearman correlation coefficients was conducted to assess collinearity and select variables. Six linear mixed\u2010effects models were constructed, each including clinical parameters such as intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and VF parameters. Mixed\u2010effects regression was applied to evaluate the factors associated with long\u2010term VF variability, adjusting for intereye correlation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study analyzed 114 eyes of 77 patients with NTG. In models including baseline RNFLT, lower baseline IOP, lower mean IOP, greater IOP fluctuation, thinner baseline RNFLT, and a steeper mean deviation (MD) slope were significantly associated with increased long\u2010term VF variability (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.031). In models that included baseline MD, worse baseline MD and a steeper MD slope were significantly associated with increased long\u2010term VF variability (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.004).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower baseline and mean IOP, greater IOP fluctuation, thinner baseline RNFLT, worse baseline MD, and steeper MD slope are all associated with a greater long\u2010term VF variability in patients with NTG. NTG eyes with thin RNFL or rapid VF deterioration may require more frequent VF testing to avoid misinterpreting fluctuation as true progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/joph\/7211382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T09:42:39Z","timestamp":1774258959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Associated With Long\u2010Term Visual Field Variability in Patients With Normal\u2010Tension Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Seunghee","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangwoo","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"EunAh","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanghun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hojin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1053-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiwoong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2006.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/jkos.2018.59.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. 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