{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:15:47Z","timestamp":1791814547704,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":362,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007937","name":"Peking University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TY2025005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TY2025005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the aqueous cytokine profile in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with or without massive hemorrhage and typical neovascular age\u2010related macular degeneration (nAMD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present comparative study included 81 treatment\u2010na\u00efve eyes from 75 patients (PCV with massive hemorrhage 20 eyes, PCV without massive hemorrhage 19 eyes, typical nAMD 19 eyes, and cataract control 23 eyes). 10 cytokines (VEGF, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, MCP\u20101, ICAM\u20101, VCAM\u20101, IP\u201010, G\u2010CSF, and IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u201010) in the aqueous humor were measured by cytometric bead array.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      VEGF levels in PCV with massive hemorrhage (median 5.20\u2009pg\/mL) were significantly lower than that in PCV without massive hemorrhage (median 34.76\u2009pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003) and typical nAMD (median 43.88\u2009pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). They were even lower than that in normal cataract controls (median 22.02\u2009pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.037). Multiple inflammatory cytokines were dramatically elevated in PCV with massive hemorrhage. IL\u20106, IL\u20108, MCP\u20101, ICAM\u20101, and IP\u201010 levels were significantly higher in PCV with massive hemorrhage than that in the other three groups. VCAM\u20101 levels were significantly higher in PCV with massive hemorrhage than that in typical nAMD and in control. G\u2010CSF and IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels were significantly higher in PCV without massive hemorrhage than that in control. IL\u201010 levels were significantly higher in PCV with massive hemorrhage than that in typical nAMD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study showed that PCV with massive hemorrhage had a lower\u2010than\u2010normal VEGF level in aqueous humor and inflammation may be actively involved in the pathogenesis of massive hemorrhage in PCV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/joph\/9272271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T09:34:23Z","timestamp":1767000863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Massive Hemorrhage in PCV Is Associated With Lower\u2010Than\u2010Normal VEGF Level and Dramatically Elevated Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Aqueous"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7939-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9170-8945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6615-2430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5896-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8843-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6637-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huijin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199001010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199515020-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0b013e3181c969e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(02)01404-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-2933-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","first-page":"1929","article-title":"Subfoveal Fibrovascular Membranes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Express Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor","volume":"37","author":"Kvanta A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.2.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa054481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22608\/APO.2017260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.122283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1278-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199414020-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.8.1035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000003098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.032466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","first-page":"1135","article-title":"RPE Destruction Causes Choriocapillary Atrophy","volume":"25","author":"Korte G. E.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14683"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.6.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.08.025"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/joph\/9272271","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/joph\/9272271","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/joph\/9272271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:56:53Z","timestamp":1777636613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/joph\/9272271"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Siamak","family":"Ansari-Shahrezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/joph\/9272271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/joph\/9272271","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-004X","2090-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-004X","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9272271"}}