{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:30:52Z","timestamp":1773927052153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":69,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are well\u2010established molecular techniques that can be integrated as standard diagnostic tools, especially in referral settings. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), skin tuberculosis, and leprosy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was carried out involving 62 patients in the study group, comprising 45 with CL, 9 with leprosy, 4 with skin tuberculosis, and 4 with coinfections. Additionally, 112 positive control DNA samples were analyzed, including 37 of\n                      <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 46 of\n                      <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and 29 of\n                      <jats:italic>L. aethiopica<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The study assessed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and detection limits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sensitivity and specificity of the mPCR on positive and negative control samples were 100% (95% CI: 96.8%\u2013100%) and 100% (95% CI: 94.9%\u2013100%), respectively. Its sensitivity and specificity among the study group were 75.8% (95% CI: 63.3%\u201385.8%) and 100% (95% CI: 94.9%\u2013100.0%), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With further validation on more clinical suspects, mPCR has the potential to facilitate diagnosis in settings with coendemic CL, leprosy, and skin tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jotm\/1456781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:29:32Z","timestamp":1773221372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing a Conventional Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Granulomatous Skin Infection Agents:\n                    <i>Leishmania aethiopica<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>Mycobacterium leprae<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1866-0950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selfu","family":"Girma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5648-4129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mesfin","family":"Gemeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0704-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adugna","family":"Woldesemayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawit","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9703-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinksira","family":"Deneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Semira","family":"Mekonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shimelis","family":"Doni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Beliye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feleke Tilahun","family":"Zewdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsegaye","family":"Kumssa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tizita","family":"Kidane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4154-2100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menberework","family":"Chanyalew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almeseged","family":"Abdissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markos","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kidist","family":"Bobosha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Endalamaw","family":"Gadisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7775-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","first-page":"705","volume-title":"Granulomas in Dermatopathology: Principal Diagnoses \u2014 Part 2. Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas","author":"Ar\u00f3stegui Aguilar J.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0041-ra"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","article-title":"Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis with A Typical Clinical Manifestation: A Case Report","volume":"3","author":"Yosef T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Med Microbio"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01673-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12895-019-0085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000128284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21276\/ijmrp.2016.2.4.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/15436.8891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.188132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12069_supp"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/dad.0b013e31829534e5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44100300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1435679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1450-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07930-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-4-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","first-page":"725","article-title":"Comparison of Three Commonly Used Genetic Markers for Detection of Leishmania Major: An Experimental Study","volume":"31","author":"Behniafar H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0074-02762002000800017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.44.4.1435-1439.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.105967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adengl.2012.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.44174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16911-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1517-83822003000200015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/d3268049889"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/7050.4033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05524-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61186\/mlj.17.2.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2012.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1517-83822009000100001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-013-1566-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-020-01212-w"}],"container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jotm\/1456781","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/jotm\/1456781","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jotm\/1456781","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T10:06:29Z","timestamp":1773914789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/jotm\/1456781"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/jotm\/1456781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/jotm\/1456781","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9686","1687-9694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9686","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1456781"}}