{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:18:34Z","timestamp":1788419914924,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":245,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011893","name":"Pan American Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TC 66\u2013SCON2019-00400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TC 66\u2013SCON2019-00400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vertical transmission of sexually transmitted infections remains a public health concern, particularly in socially vulnerable settings. Although Brazil has achieved the elimination of mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission of HIV, syphilis during pregnancy continues to pose significant challenges, especially in the northern region. This cross\u2010sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV and syphilis and identify associated factors among pregnant women receiving prenatal care in Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil. Between April and June 2021, 398 pregnant women were interviewed using a structured clinical\u2013epidemiological questionnaire and underwent laboratory testing. HIV diagnosis was established using fourth\u2010generation serological assays with immunoblot confirmation, and syphilis diagnosis was based on nontreponemal testing followed by treponemal confirmation. Descriptive analyses were performed, followed by bivariate analyses using Fisher\u2019s exact test, chi\u2010square test with Monte Carlo simulation, and Mann\u2013Whitney U test, and Poisson regression with robust variance was applied to estimate prevalence ratios for syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis was 6.36%, and HIV prevalence was 1.01%. Psychoactive substance use was the only variable independently associated with syphilis positivity, while other sociodemographic and behavioral factors showed descriptive trends without statistical significance, and no significant associations were observed for HIV infection. These findings indicate that persistent social and behavioral vulnerabilities, particularly psychoactive substance use, contribute to ongoing syphilis transmission during pregnancy, underscoring the importance of integrating substance use screening, targeted counseling, and harm\u2010reduction strategies into prenatal care to advance efforts toward eliminating vertical transmission of sexually transmitted infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jotm\/3435193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:07:43Z","timestamp":1788419263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Psychoactive Substance Use With Syphilis and HIV Positivity Among Pregnant Women Receiving Prenatal Care in Bel\u00e9m, Northern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5648-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano Chaves","family":"Franco Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6513-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herald Souza dos","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9922-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan Corr\u00eaa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5496-3713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cintya de Oliveira","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4325-3695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Bomfim","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5353-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Santos de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2605-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Silas Marinho","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luiza","family":"Bazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4642-0783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela Cristina","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1656-5749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adele Schwartz","family":"Benzaken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7926-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana da Felicidade Ribeiro","family":"Favacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6564-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Cristina Soares Vieira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","unstructured":"Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Brazil Pan American Health Organization; World Health Organization 2026 https:\/\/www.paho.org\/pt\/eliminacao-da-transmissao-vertical-do-hiv-no-brasil."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1182386"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","article-title":"Secretariat of Health Surveillance and Environment","author":"Brazilian Ministry of Health","year":"2026","journal-title":"Epidemiological Bulletin-HIV\/AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","article-title":"Secretariat of Health Surveillance and Environment","author":"Brazilian Ministry of Health","year":"2026","journal-title":"Epidemiological Bulletin-Syphilis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201723"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","unstructured":"Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) IBGE\u2013Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica 2026 https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","article-title":"Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV\/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis","author":"Brazilian Ministry of Health Secretariat of Health Surveillance","journal-title":"Technical Manual for the Diagnosis of HIV"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","volume-title":"Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV\/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis","author":"Brazilian Ministry of Health Secretariat of Health Surveillance"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13080686"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819000281"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000834"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11630-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050855"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","unstructured":"UNICEF Adolescent Health and Well-Being Strategy 2021 https:\/\/www.unicef.org."}],"container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jotm\/3435193","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/jotm\/3435193","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jotm\/3435193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:07:44Z","timestamp":1788419264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/jotm\/3435193"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Priya","family":"Gusain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/jotm\/3435193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/jotm\/3435193","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9686","1687-9694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9686","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3435193"}}