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Diagnosis of\n                      <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is typically performed using vaginal discharge or urine samples, which are examined via wet prep, culture methods, or molecular tests. Compared to traditional culture\u2010based methods, molecular diagnostic techniques have shown higher sensitivity, as they allow more precise identification of\n                      <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010infected individuals. The present review evaluated the molecular diagnosis of\n                      <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in male and female populations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A search was performed across international databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Wiley, ClinicalKey, IEEE, EMBASE, Springer, Cambridge, Oxford Journal, Sage, Emerald, and Cochrane. The search included English\u2010language publications available from inception to August 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 119 studies were eligible for this systematic review. The highest number of studies originated from the United States (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200933), Iran (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916), and South Korea (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098). PCR was the most frequently employed molecular technique, reported in 58 studies, followed by real\u2010time PCR (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912). 18 studies reported 100% sensitivity and 20 studies reported 100% specificity. Of the included studies, 91 focused only on women, 7 on men, 19 on both genders, and 2 did not specify the participants\u2019 gender. Study design was poorly reported in the majority of studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200983), but among those with clear designs, cross\u2010sectional studies predominated (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920). Vaginal swabs were the most frequently used sample type.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sensitivity and specificity of molecular methods for diagnosing\n                      <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      vary. However, given their overall superior performance, these techniques should be prioritized for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of\n                      <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/jotm\/7920568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:28:26Z","timestamp":1785140906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Diagnosis of\n                    <i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>\n                    in Women and Men: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Mohamadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5973-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Faraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5143-3178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Khoshnood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8159-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arezoo","family":"Bozorgomid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiyad","family":"Bastaminejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taha","family":"Rashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein Salimi","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosar","family":"Khezri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Seidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadegh","family":"Faraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2014.958050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","first-page":"571","article-title":"Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Leukorrhea","volume":"5","author":"Trilisnawati D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioscientia Medicina: J Biomed Translat Rese"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00109-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","first-page":"475","article-title":"Prevalence and Clinical Aspects of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection Among High-Risk Women in Karaj, Iran","volume":"19","author":"Bairami A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","article-title":"Hunter\u2019s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"731","author":"Trichomoniasis M. 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