{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:02:26Z","timestamp":1777903346484,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21ZR1469900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZR1469900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRC-2019-194-30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRC-2019-194-30"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2300800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2300803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules on the surface of red blood cells play an important regulatory role in the invasion of merozoites of apicomplexan protozoa. Heparan sulfate, a type of GAG molecule, has been identified as an important receptor facilitating the invasion of red blood cells by these parasites. Proteins in the parasite that exhibit strong affinity for heparin may play a pivotal role in this invasion process. This study aims to use proteomics to identify\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteins with high binding affinity to heparin. Bioinformatics was utilized to analyze the subcellular localization and biological functions of these proteins. Candidate genes encoding proteins with strong heparin affinity will be expressed in a prokaryotic system to produce recombinant proteins. The interaction between these recombinant proteins and heparin will be characterized through heparin\u2010binding experiments and other methods. Initially, a mouse model of\n                    <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    was established and high\u2010density\n                    <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    were obtained. Heparin affinity chromatography was then used to purify natural\n                    <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteins that can bind to heparin, identifying 186\n                    <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteins via ESI\u2010MS that specifically interact with heparin. Further studies were carried out to analyze those specific proteins with unique peptide segments of two or more, yielding 15\n                    <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteins, most of which are cell surface proteins and secretory proteins. Based on mass spectrometry identification and subsequent analyses, BMSA5\u20101\u20101,\n                    <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    peptidyl\u2010prolyl cis\u2010trans isomerase (BmPPIase), and chaperonin were selected for further study due to their potential impact on the invasion of red blood cells by\n                    <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These candidate proteins were expressed as recombinant proteins using a prokaryotic expression system. In vitro heparin\u2010binding assays demonstrated that these recombinant proteins specifically bind to heparin. Notably, BmPPIase and chaperonin recombinant proteins exhibited activity in specific heparin binding. Molecular interaction studies further confirmed the strong interaction between BmPPIase and heparin. In conclusion, this study used proteomic methods to identify 186 specific\n                    <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteins with specific binding affinity to heparin, providing in\u2010depth analysis of 15 key proteins. The findings confirmed that BmPPIase and chaperonin specifically bind to heparin, with molecular interaction experiments substantiating the strong interaction between BmPPIase and heparin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jotm\/8821002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T08:39:16Z","timestamp":1736584756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteomic Identification and Functional Analysis of\n                    <i>Babesia microti<\/i>\n                    Reveals Heparin\u2010Binding Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3488-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Chun","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan Hong","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying Fang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia Hui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi Ran","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han Yin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu Ning","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0320-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mu Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8967-3409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(14)71062-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2020.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","first-page":"118","article-title":"Pathogen Identification and Clinical Diagnosis for One Case Infected with Babesia","volume":"30","author":"Yao L. 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