{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:06:18Z","timestamp":1789124778417,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":253,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N41A661127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N41A661127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004071","name":"Khon Kaen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Tabanus rubidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Diptera: Tabanidae) is a significant species of the Tabanidae family, known for its veterinary and medical relevance, and is found across Thailand. This study examines the species distribution, genetic diversity, demographic history, and vector\u2010pathogen transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>rubidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected from all six different regions in Thailand. Molecular techniques, utilizing the\n                    <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>\n                    1 gene, were used to assess genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to detect\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was used to identify\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Tabanus rubidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found in 23 out of 26 provinces in Thailand, indicating its widespread presence across the country. Negative binomial regression showed that fly abundance was negatively affected by monthly mean temperature but positively influenced by rainfall and site temperature. There was high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The median\u2010joining network network revealed three lineages: Lineage I, which includes Thailand, Malaysia, and Bangladesh; Lineage II, which is found in India and Bangladesh; and Lineage III, which is found in India. Analysis of the demographic history suggested that population expansion started at the end of the Pleistocene. In this study,\n                    <jats:italic>T. rubidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    tested negative for\n                    <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma theileri<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>T. theileri<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                    being the only detected pathogens. These findings are epidemiologically significant, confirming tabanid\u2010mediated transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>T. theileri<\/jats:italic>\n                    (indicator of trypanosomiasis) and\n                    <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                    (agent of bovine anaplasmosis), both of which pose health risks and economic losses to livestock.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jotm\/8877101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:10:47Z","timestamp":1789121447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Integrative Assessment of\n                    <i>Tabanus rubidus<\/i>\n                    (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Thailand: Distribution, Population Genetics, and Pathogen Surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8954-526X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanchana","family":"Thinnabut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6726-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanchai","family":"Maleewong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4685-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pairot","family":"Pramual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0451-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oranuch","family":"Sanpool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5115-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ubon","family":"Tangkawanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3897\/biss.7.111959","article-title":"Systema Dipterorum","volume":"7","author":"Pape T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biodiversity Information Science and Standards"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/syen.12145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.46638","volume-title":"Tabanini of Thailand Above the Isthmus of Kra (Diptera: Tabanidae)","author":"Burton J. 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