{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T07:03:49Z","timestamp":1776063829187,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":271,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008804","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["39.00.0000.012.002.004.16-10 (258)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["39.00.0000.012.002.004.16-10 (258)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Russell\u2019s viper (\n                    <jats:italic>Daboia russelii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) has recently become a significant threat to human life in Bangladesh. Given its wide distribution across South Asia, the venom characteristics and lethality can vary by region with different toxicological properties. Hence, we investigated the characteristics of Bangladeshi Russell\u2019s viper venom (BRVV) through SDS\u2013PAGE profiling, reverse\u2010phase HPLC analysis, along with assessments of phospholipase A\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (PLA\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), edema\u2010inducing, hemolytic, hemorrhagic, and coagulant activities, histopathology, and blood biochemistry, following established protocols. We also studied the neutralization efficacy of polyvalent antivenom from VINS Bio Products Ltd., India (VPAV) against BRVV. RP\u2010HPLC analysis of BRVV displayed 15 peaks, and SDS\u2013PAGE showed high\u2010intensity protein bands within the 15\u201370\u2009kDa range. The median lethal dose (LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) for mice was found to be 0.33\u2009mg\/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), and venom exposure resulted in neurotoxic symptoms such as limb paralysis, respiratory difficulties, and sluggishness. BRVV exhibited strong PLA\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , procoagulant, hemorrhagic, indirect hemolytic, and edema\u2010inducing activities but poor direct hemolytic activity. Venom administration also significantly increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine in mouse serum, indicating organ damage. Histopathological examination revealed cell vacuolization, congestion, hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltrations, and necrosis in venom\u2010exposed tissues, validating the abnormal serum biochemistry. The neutralization study revealed that VPAV had limited efficacy against BRVV, suggesting the presence of venom proteins not fully neutralized by the antivenom. Altogether, these findings suggest that the Russell\u2019s viper is a medically significant venomous snake in Bangladesh, and VPAV is only partially effective in reducing the venom\u2019s toxic effects. Therefore, region\u2010specific venoms must be considered in antivenom development for more effective treatment in envenomation cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jt\/5464388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T05:50:26Z","timestamp":1759211426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biochemical and Biological Profiles of Bangladeshi Russell\u2019s Viper Snake Venom and Neutralizing Efficacy by Indian VINS Polyvalent Antivenom"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1135-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubait","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8212-0769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasanuzzaman","family":"Manik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7736-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Ataur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1144-8482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamiatul Husna","family":"Shathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4056-8760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Tariqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1545-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Shahangir","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9508-8660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazi Md. 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