{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:03:04Z","timestamp":1773007384335,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":118,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010272","name":"Zarqa University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Glue inhalation is a common unconventional substance of abuse, and it contains neurotoxic and volatile solvents. We examined the toxicity profile and central nervous system (CNS) activities of glue inhalation in Wistar rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Acute toxicity was investigated, and the subacute toxicity was studied using 24 male Wistar rats at graded concentrations of air, 2, 4 and 8\u2009mL glue (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096\/group) for 28\u2009days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and haematological evaluations, and vital organs (lung, liver, kidney, heart, brain and eye) were used for histological analysis. Behavioural studies were carried out using an elevated plus maze, hole board test, open\u2010field test, tail suspension test and forced swim test. Dependence and abstinence effects were also evaluated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The lethal dose (LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of the inhalational glue was 14.14\u2009mL. Glue significantly increased liver function parameters such as TB, DB, ALP, ALT, TP and electrolyte levels (K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) but reduced cholesterol levels in exposed rats. Glue inhalation had significant anxiolytic and depressant effects on the rats at concentrations of 4 and 8\u2009mL. Histological analysis revealed liver and lung tissue abnormalities and subconjunctival inflammation in eye tissue at 8\u2009mL.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study therefore suggests that glue inhalation has anxiolytic and depressant effects in Wistar rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jt\/5535209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T03:49:55Z","timestamp":1745898595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Toxicity Profile and Central Nervous System Activities of Glue (Adhesive) Inhalation in Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7322-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulgafar Olayiwola","family":"Jimoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-4580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuaibu Abdullahi","family":"Hudu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onyinye Emmanuella","family":"Ibeabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4909-4840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilyaminu","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Millicent Ladi","family":"Umaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuwaira","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edith Ginika","family":"Otalike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umar","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Sanusi","family":"Haruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kehinde Ahmad","family":"Adeshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/phrs.2021.1603960"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-1168.1000311"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JimohA. O. IbeabuchiO. E. AbubakarB.et al. Evaluation of the Toxicity Profile and Central Nervous System (CNS) Activities of Glue (Adhesive) Inhalation in Wistar Rats 2023.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.0987.v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"The Prevalence of Some Psychoactive Substances Use Among Secondary School Adolescents in Bosso Local Government Area, Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Egbuonu A. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajpsychiatry.v16i2.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2021.106999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311843.2019.1603418"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-4328(00)00241-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4020647"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01234480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","first-page":"828","article-title":"Central Nervous System Stimulant Actions of Alpinia Galanga (L.) Rhizome: A Preliminary Study","volume":"51","author":"Saha S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8994-2_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Open Field Test","author":"Gould T. D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice: Characterization Using Behavioral Tests"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2021.100186"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.93846"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/3638"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Animal Models of Substance Abuse and Addiction: Implications for Science, Animal Welfare, and Society","volume":"60","author":"Lynch W. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comparative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2024.e02165"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/yco.0b013e32834de34f"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2013-1139"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050475"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20294"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2000.03219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjos-2020-100115"}],"container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jt\/5535209","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/jt\/5535209","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jt\/5535209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:57:56Z","timestamp":1772999876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/jt\/5535209"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Zongming","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/jt\/5535209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/jt\/5535209","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8191","1687-8205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8191","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-8205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"5535209"}}