{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:02:59Z","timestamp":1773007379029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":137,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Consumption of aflatoxin\u2010contaminated food is responsible for hepatotoxicity.\n                    <jats:italic>Dichrocephala integrifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>D. integrifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is used in traditional African medicine to treat various liver diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of aqueous leaf extract of\n                    <jats:italic>D. integrifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    on aflatoxin\u2010containing peanut\u2010induced liver damage in Wistar rats. The animals were fed the standard diet (SD) or the SD supplemented with stored and poorly preserved peanuts (50:50) containing aflatoxins for 42\u2009days. Then, animals received the diet concomitantly with\n                    <jats:italic>D. integrifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (100, 200\u2009mg\/kg), or Silybon 100\u2009mg\/kg for 14\u2009days. At the end of the experimental period, biochemical markers, including the lipid profile, liver function markers, and proinflammatory markers, were evaluated. A histopathological analysis of the liver was performed. Semiquantitative evaluation of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts by thin\u2010layer chromatography was carried out, and phytochemical characterization of the extract by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry was performed. As a result, poorly stored peanuts contain 20\u2009\u03bcg\/kg aflatoxin B1\/kg of peanuts. Consumption of contaminated peanuts resulted in inflammation characterized by a significant increase (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, INF\u2010\u03b3, and IL\u201013) and a significant increase (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) in transaminase activities, GGT, ALP, and levels of total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and a significant decrease (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) in HDL cholesterol and albumin levels. These various abnormalities were accompanied by a significant increase (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) in oxidative stress. These disturbances were confirmed by hepatic cytolysis, leukocyte infiltration, and vascular congestion. Treatment with\n                    <jats:italic>D. integrifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract at all doses tested reversed these abnormalities. These beneficial effects of the extract could be due to\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010amyrin formate, identified in this extract, and could therefore justify the use of this plant extract in traditional medicine to manage liver diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jt\/5551651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T02:44:46Z","timestamp":1747622686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Dichrocephala integrifolia<\/i>\n                    (L.f.) Kuntze Leaf Aqueous Extract Improves Liver Architecture in a Model of Aflatoxin\u2010Containing Peanut\u2010Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6923-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolphe","family":"Mbatchou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5382-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Ngueguim Tsofack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Hubert","family":"Donfack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5685-9285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raceline","family":"Kamkumo Gounoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel Arnaud","family":"Mbock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3651-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Philippe","family":"Tientcheu Djientcheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0698-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklin","family":"Gamo Zemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0893-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigue Ngapout","family":"Fifen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5315-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Desire","family":"Djomeni Dzeufiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-1181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Th\u00e9ophile","family":"Dimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.683719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Once Upcon a Time Hepatotoxicity","volume":"37","author":"Dar\u00e9 B. 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