{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T16:46:05Z","timestamp":1787330765516,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":156,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004539","name":"Kasetsart University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017482","name":"Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Copra meal hydrolysate (CMH) with high protein and mannooligosaccharides (MOS) was derived by \u03b2\u2010mannanase hydrolysis. CMH has been shown to elicit health benefits via prebiotic properties. However, a systematic examination of its safety is required before effective utilization. This study assessed CMH oral acute toxicity at a single dose of 2000\u2009mg\/kg for 14 consecutive days, while a subacute toxicity test was conducted by daily oral administration of CMH at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0\u2009mg\/kg for 90\u2009days using Sprague Dawley rats and following OECD guidelines 423 and 408. The acute toxicity study showed that the LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of CMH was over 2000\u2009mg\/kg since no mortality or abnormal clinical signs were observed at this dose. The subacute toxicity results showed that CMH did not induce any abnormalities in body weight, food and water consumption, clinical signs, haematology, clinical chemistry, organ weight and necropsy. Significant changes in some of the parameters were observed but most were not treatment\u2010related and had no effect on animal health. No toxicity\u2010related microscopic findings were recorded in the examined tissues (lung, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys). Oral administration of CMH had a \u2018no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)\u2019 of 1.0\u2009mg\/kg for both male and female Sprague Dawley rats. CMH demonstrated a high level of safety in animal studies and can be considered a safe prebiotic substance for use in the food and nutraceutical industries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jt\/7235371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T08:20:27Z","timestamp":1749198027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Copra Meal Hydrolysate: A Novel Candidate for Prebiotic in Sprague Dawley Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4839-6273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiraporn","family":"Tangthong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4755-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Ayimbila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massalin","family":"Nakphaichit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6836-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suttipun","family":"Keawsompong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2021.102273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1565-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-007-9627-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-018-1178-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127428"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.167866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-014-9807-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-017-1058-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf061894v"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_10_13_2.1","unstructured":"OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 2002 4. 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