{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:49:23Z","timestamp":1787017763970,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":112,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The present study evaluated the acute and subacute oral toxicities of a chloroform extract from\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    DS17R in Wistar rats to support its safe application as a biocontrol agent. For acute toxicity assessment following OECD Guideline 423, female Wistar rats (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093 per step) received single oral doses of 300, 2000, or 5000\u2009mg\/kg body weight (bw) and were observed for 14\u2009days. For subacute toxicity, female rats (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095 per group) received daily oral doses of 0 (control), 57.5, 115, 230, or 460\u2009mg\/kg bw for 28\u2009days, after which hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed. Acute toxicity testing revealed no mortality at 300 or 2000\u2009mg\/kg bw, but 50% mortality at 5000\u2009mg\/kg bw, yielding a median lethal dose (LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of 4574\u2009mg\/kg bw, classifying the extract as practically nontoxic (OECD Category 5). Subacute 28\u2010day oral exposure induced dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent physiological and biochemical responses. Body weight showed a biphasic pattern, with a significant increase at 57.5\u2009mg\/kg bw and reductions at \u2265 115\u2009mg\/kg bw, while feed intake was transiently suppressed. Hepatic enlargement was observed at 115\u2013460\u2009mg\/kg bw, accompanied by elevated alkaline phosphatase and mild AST increase; histology revealed sinusoidal dilation and leukocyte infiltration. Splenomegaly, lymphopenia at 230 and 460\u2009mg\/kg bw, microcytosis, anisocytosis, and thrombocytosis reflected hematopoietic and immune modulation. Renal stress was evidenced by hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypercalcemia, and decreased phosphate at doses \u2265 57.5\u2009mg\/kg bw, with mild tubular alterations. Lipid remodeling included increased triglycerides and HDL, with decreased LDL at doses \u2265 115\u2009mg\/kg bw. Overall, the extract induced adaptive metabolic and redox\u2010mediated responses without irreversible organ damage, supporting its potential safe use as a microbial biocontrol agent under the tested conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jt\/8893441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:47:14Z","timestamp":1777006034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Safety Assessment of\n                    <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/i>\n                    DS17R Chloroform Extract: Low Acute But Dose\u2010Dependent Subacute Oral Toxicity in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9849-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Ars\u00e8ne","family":"Ntyam Mendo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2983-6843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9verin Tchameni","family":"Nguemezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6447-1413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laure Brigitte","family":"Kouitcheu Mabeku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6563-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modeste Lambert","family":"Sameza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2216-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalie Anne","family":"Ngono Ngane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10102-009-0001-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-012-0105-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255957"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-817004-5.00001-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-081211-172908"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1020501420831"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2010.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-023-01451-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203980"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/phyto-97-2-0250"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.62.081307.162918"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.026583"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.71.9.4951-4959.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632x.12033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200408-1044so"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01651-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","first-page":"543","article-title":"Toxicology of Selected Bacterial Metabolites Relevant to Human Health","volume":"46","author":"Leung K. 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