{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T23:30:58Z","timestamp":1776727858476,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":354,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Crude oil, a major key economic driver in developing countries, is also of environmental concern, linked to neurotoxicity and behavioural problems. Despite the known neurotoxic effects of crude oil and the potential benefits of zinc and vitamin E, there is a paucity of research specifically addressing their combined efficacy in mitigating neurochemical changes and behavioural deficits induced by crude oil. Current studies have largely focussed on the individual effects of these supplements in different contexts, but their synergistic potential in a crude oil exposure model remains underexplored. This study investigated the potential effects of zinc and vitamin E on neurobehavioural alterations in male Wistar rats fed with Bonny light crude oil (BLCO)\u2010contaminated diet.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Thirty (30) male Wistar rats (160\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u2009g) were assigned into five groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096). Group 1 received standard rat feed, Group 2 was exposed to BLCO (0.1\u2009mL\/g of rat feed) for 3\u2009weeks, and groups 3\u20135 were treated with zinc (50\u2009mg\/kg\/day), vitamin E (400\u2009IU\/kg), or both [vitamin E (400\u2009IU\/kg)\u2009+\u2009zinc (50\u2009mg\/kg\/day)], respectively for 1\u2009week after BLCO exposure for 3\u2009weeks. Locomotive, anxiolytic, depressive\u2010like behaviours and spatial memory were assessed using the open\u2010field test, elevated plus maze, forced swim test and Y\u2010maze. Rats were sacrificed and the brain samples were collected for biochemical assays at the end of the behavioural tests.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Zinc and vitamin E supplementation (individually or combined) significantly increased brain total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced inflammatory markers (TNF\u2010alpha) and lipid peroxidation, normalized neurotransmitter levels in the brain and improved behavioural performance.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Treatment with Zn and\/or vitamin E reverses BLCO\u2010induced neurobehavioural alterations via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and neurotransmitters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jt\/9317271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T06:22:30Z","timestamp":1734762150000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Zinc or\/and Vitamin E Supplementation Mitigates Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, Neurochemical Changes and Behavioural Deficits in Male Wistar Rats Exposed to Bonny Light Crude Oil"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9127-7130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwafunmbi Ebenezer","family":"Ogunmiluyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander Obidike","family":"Naiho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor Oghenekparobo","family":"Emojevwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tolulope Samuel","family":"Oladele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayode Adedoyin","family":"Adebisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob Adewale","family":"Siyanbade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeniran Oluwadamilare","family":"Akinola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2022.837579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/814795"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13030346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"The Effect of Crude Oil Impacted Soil on the Biochemical Properties of Guinea Corn","volume":"16","author":"Adeyemi O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"NISEB Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Models for Optimum Decision Making. 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