{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T21:40:09Z","timestamp":1723153209332},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2413,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2413,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metal-Based Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Features of pesticide synergism and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>)\nwere studied using a selected range of organotin compounds against the early 4th instar\nlarvae of a highly resistant strain of the diamondback moth (DBM), <jats:italic>Plutella xylostella<\/jats:italic>, a\nmajor universal pest of cruciferous vegetables.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Fourteen triorganotin compounds were evaluated for their ability to enhance the\ntoxicity of the microbial insecticide, <jats:italic>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic> (BT) and of the commercial insecticide,\nMalathion to <jats:italic>Plutella xylostella<\/jats:italic> larvae. Supplemental synergism was observed with\ntriphenyl\u2010 and tricyclopentyltin hydroxides in combinations with <jats:italic>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>.\nIncreased synergism was observed with an increase in the number of cyclopentyl groups\non tin in the mixed series, Cyp<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub>Ph<jats:sub>3-n<\/jats:sub> SnX, where X = OH, and 1\u2010(1,2,4\u2010triazolyl). The\ncombination of (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010chlorophenyl)diphenyltin <jats:italic>N,N<\/jats:italic>\u2010dimethyldithiocarbamate at LD<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and LD<jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\nconcentrations with sublethal concentrations of Malathion as well as of tricyclohexyltin\nmethanesulphonate at the 0.01% (w\/v) concentration with Malathion exerted strong synergistic\neffects (supplemental synergism) with toxicity index (T.I) values of 7.2, 19.8 and\n10.1, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Studies on the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> inhibition of acetylcholinesterase prepared from the DBM\nlarvae showed that while most of the triorganotin Compounds tested were without effect on\nthe enzyme, compounds containing the thiocarbamylacetate or the dithiocarbamylacetate\nmoieties demonstrated appreciable levels of inhibition, being comparable in efficacy to\ncommercial grades of Malathion and Methomyl.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/mbd.1994.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,14]],"date-time":"2007-03-14T12:33:53Z","timestamp":1173875633000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Insecticidal Effects of Organotin(IV) Compounds on <i>Plutella Xylostella<\/i> (L.) Larvae. II. Inhibitory Potencies AgainstAcetylcholinesterase and Evidence for Synergism in Tests With<i>Bacillus Thuringiensis<\/i>(BER.) and Malathion"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Nazni W.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tay Siew","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Balabaskaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. G. Kumar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,24]]},"container-title":["Metal-Based Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/1994\/857638.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/MBD.1994.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T20:37:42Z","timestamp":1723149462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/MBD.1994.1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/MBD.1994.1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/mbd.1994.1","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0793-0291","1687-5486"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0793-0291"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-5486"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}