{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:36:22Z","timestamp":1773012982521,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":223,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSN2224011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSN2224011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is characterized by excessive uterine contraction and ischemic vasoconstriction, primarily driven by elevated levels of prostaglandins (PGs; PGF2\u03b1) and inflammatory mediators. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain the standard treatment for PD; however, their associated adverse effects necessitate the use of alternative therapeutic strategies.\n                    <jats:italic>Aster spathulifolius<\/jats:italic>\n                    Maxim. is a perennial herb native to the coastal regions of Korea, that exhibits antiviral, anticancer, and antidiabetic effects. In this study, we investigated the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>Aster spathulifolius<\/jats:italic>\n                    Maxim. extract (PDR97) to alleviate PD in both animal models and human uterine smooth muscle cells (HUtSMCs). Our findings demonstrated that PDR97 significantly reduced pain\u2010related responses and restored uterine morphology in PD\u2010induced mice. Mechanistically, PDR97 suppressed the expression of uterine contraction\u2010related proteins, decreased NF\u2010\u03baB phosphorylation, and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, PDR97 effectively inhibited PGF2\u03b1\u2010 and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2)\u2010induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in both the PD mouse model and HUtSMCs, exhibiting potent antioxidant properties. Notably, PDR97 modulated NF\u2010\u03baB signaling\u2014a key regulatory pathway associated with uterine contraction and pain relief\u2014and its antioxidant effects contributed to the suppression of inflammatory and oxidative stress\u2010mediated signaling. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of PDR97 as a promising natural therapeutic agent for PD, with potential applications in other gynecological disorders associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/1654087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T05:21:12Z","timestamp":1755062472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Aster spathulifolius<\/i>\n                    Maxim. Alleviates Primary Dysmenorrhea in a Mouse Model by Modulating Myometrial Contractions via NF\u2010\u03baB\/COX\u20102 Pathway Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Min-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang-In","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heung Joo","family":"Yuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousang","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyungjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1322-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Sun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","first-page":"164","article-title":"Dysmenorrhea","volume":"104","author":"McKenna K. 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