{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:43:11Z","timestamp":1791240191985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82374599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81973957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Immunoinflammatory responses and macrophage polarisation are crucial for maintaining ovarian function. Moreover, electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to protect ovarian function. However, the mechanisms by which EA improves ovarian function, including its effects on immunoinflammatory responses and macrophage polarisation, have not been determined. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of EA on ovarian function in rats with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying inflammation and M1 and M2 macrophage polarisation. DOR models were established through the intragastric administration of 50\u2009mg\/kg\n                    <jats:italic>Tripterygium<\/jats:italic>\n                    glycoside suspension (TGs) for 14 consecutive days. The EA group received treatment at 2\/100\u2009Hz and 1.0\u2009mA for 10\u2009min using acupoints BL23, CV4 and CV12 for 14 days. Following the intervention, we employed various methodologies, including haematoxylin\u2013eosin (H&amp;E) staining, enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to assess ovarian function, inflammatory factors and the expression levels of M1 and M2 macrophage\u2010related factors. EA intervention reduced the oestrous cycle disorder rate in the rats compared with that in the DOR group, leading to an increase in growing follicles, a reduction in atretic follicles (AFs) and an enhancement of both the capillary (Cap) network and corpus luteum (CL) structure. This intervention also resulted in decreased serum levels of follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH), interferon\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    (IFN\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and tumour necrosis factor\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), along with increased levels of oestradiol (E\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), interleukin\u20104 (IL\u20104) and interleukin\u201010 (IL\u201010). Furthermore, the number of M2 macrophages in the spleen increased, which was accompanied by elevated arginase 1 (Arg1) and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the ovarian tissues. In summary, EA can restore the impaired ovarian function caused by TGs by promoting M2 macrophage polarisation and inhibiting inflammatory responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/1694470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T06:55:48Z","timestamp":1743490548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Electroacupuncture Improves Ovarian Function in Rats With\n                    <i>Tripterygium<\/i>\n                    Glycoside\u2010Induced Diminished Ovarian Reserve by Promoting the Polarization of M2 Macrophages and Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1047-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yantong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5781-6743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaoyao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaoli","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6133-3181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meihong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effects 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