{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:00:54Z","timestamp":1785769254516,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":204,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023J05041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J05041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study was designed to explore the specific mechanism of miR\u2010429 in neuroinflammation of TS, to provide a theoretical basis for the etiology of TS and new targets for future treatment. Male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control (CON) group and the Tourette syndrome (TS) group. The activation of microglia in the striatum was detected by immunohistochemistry and the concentration of interleukin (IL)\u20106 in the brain was measured by ELISA. The expression of miR\u2010429 in brains was detected by quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qPCR). Human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells were transfected, respectively, with double\u2010stranded inactive miRNA; miR\u2010429 mimics; miR\u2010429 inhibitors. The levels of miR\u2010429 and\n                    <jats:italic>IKK\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA were detected by qPCR. The expression levels of IKK\u03b2, NF\u2010\u03baBp65 b, and IL\u20106 proteins were detected by western blot. MiR\u2010429 and\n                    <jats:italic>IKK\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    targeted binding was verified by a double luciferase experiment. IL\u20106 in the brain of the TS rat group was higher than in the CON group. Furthermore, the relative expression of miR\u2010429 in the TS group was several hundreds of times higher than in the CON group. The levels of IKK\u03b2, NF\u2010\u03baBp65, and IL\u20106 protein in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced microglia were lower in the miR\u2010429 mimics group, but higher in the miR\u2010429 inhibitor group, compared to those of the MiRNA negative control (miR\u2010NC) group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The miR\u2010429 targeted\n                    <jats:italic>IKK\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    binding to regulate the NF\u2010\u03baB pathway and inhibit the release of pro\u2010inflammatory factors, thus, controlling neuroinflammation in microglia, which may be the mechanism of action of miR\u2010429 in TS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/7165782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T06:36:33Z","timestamp":1753425393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MicroRNA\u2010429 Inhibits Microglial Inflammation by Targeting\n                    <i>IKK\u03b2<\/i>\n                    Through the NF\u2010\u03baB Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongling","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8905-3154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3831-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jilong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000752"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9554-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020853"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna5020035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-015-0133-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12502"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23634"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.800189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9811-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0227-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-017-0084-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2019_190401N282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.980722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2020.03262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.710116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1178113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8020194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15261"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1368"}],"container-title":["Mediators 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