{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:21:51Z","timestamp":1792164111644,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005071","name":"Shiraz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Inflammation is a fundamental biological response that serves to protect the body from physical damage and harmful stimuli. However, chronic inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases.\n                      <jats:italic>Stachys pilifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      Benth. has been traditionally used for its anti\u2010inflammatory properties, yet its precise mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of\n                      <jats:italic>S. pilifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      Benth. extract and its fractions on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The anti\u2010inflammatory potential of the methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions were evaluated by assessing their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) production. Additionally, nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB (NF\u2010\u03baB) concentration and cyclooxygenase\u20102 (\n                      <jats:italic>COX-2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) gene expression were analyzed in LPS\u2010stimulated macrophage cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and butanol fraction significantly reduced the production of NO and PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , decreased NF\u2010\u03baB concentration, and suppressed\n                      <jats:italic>COX-2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression in a dose\u2010dependent manner. The butanol fraction exhibited the most potent inhibition of NO production (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200937.38\u2009\u00b1\u200910.27\u2009\u00b5g\/mL), whereas the ethyl acetate fraction was the strongest suppression of PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      synthesis (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200986.32\u2009\u00b1\u20095.51\u2009\u00b5g\/mL). In contrast, the water fraction did not have a significant effect on these inflammatory markers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      By downregulating NF\u2010\u03baB activity,\n                      <jats:italic>S. pilifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      Benth. effectively modulates the expression of key proinflammatory mediators, including inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and\n                      <jats:italic>COX-2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , ultimately leading to reduced NO and PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      production. These findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>S. pilifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      Benth. may exert its anti\u2010inflammatory effects through inhibition of the NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway, offering potential therapeutic applications in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/7210911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:15:46Z","timestamp":1774534546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anti\u2010Inflammatory Effects of\n                    <i>Stachys pilifera<\/i>\n                    Extracts in LPS\u2010Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5999-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeinab","family":"Salehpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Fazeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3043-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Barati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2015.15.6.269","article-title":"Withaferin A Inhibits Helicobacter Pylori-Induced Production of IL-1\u03b2 in Dendritic Cells by Regulating NF-\u03baB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"15","author":"Kim J. 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