{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:37:21Z","timestamp":1773013041737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":324,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic devices such as cellphones, microwaves, and other household devices are known to emit electromagnetic waves. As such, it creates an environment that may disrupt homeostasis. Ginsenosides in red ginseng is a Korean herb that is known for their anticancer, anti\u2010inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study aims to assess the therapeutic properties of ginsenosides in extremely low\u2010frequency electromagnetic field exposure (ELF\u2010EMF) environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To observe the anti\u2010inflammatory effects of ginsenosides, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ELF\u2010EMF\u2010induced RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 14 ginsenosides. Here, the production and gene expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines such as TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis was examined as this may be induced by excessive secretion of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and increased calcium influx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RAW264.7 cells exposed to ELF\u2010EMF showed an increase in NO production and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, under ELF\u2010EMF exposure, translocation of NF\u2010kB increased and NFAT2, due to elevated calcium influx, increased as well. These inflammatory responses were alleviated by the ginsenosides and among the 14 ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rd had the most potent anti\u2010inflammatory effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ginsenosides alleviate inflammation induced by ELF\u2010EMF by downregulating inflammatory\u2010related cytokines and proteins. It also had an effect on decreasing nerve cell apoptosis by reducing inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/7870941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T11:26:16Z","timestamp":1763724376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alleviation of Inflammatory Conditions Caused by Extremely Low\u2010Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure by\n                    <i>Panax ginseng<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1515-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee Yeon","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seo An","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui Won","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1065-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3165-0260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Woo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2023-0023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15368378.2018.1545668"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2023.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.975784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2016011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-023-04371-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2017.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24162939"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01452-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","article-title":"The Role of Calcium-Calcineurin-NFAT Signaling Pathway in Health and Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"10","author":"Park Y. 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