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However, few studies have examined their combined effects on brain injury in the context of infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rat pups received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on postnatal Day 1 (P1), followed by tapering doses of dexamethasone (Dex) or hydrocortisone (HC) from P2 to P4. We measured body and brain weights, TUNEL\u2010positive cell counts, synaptic protein levels, and mRNA expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in six brain regions at P5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The LPS\u2010HC and LPS\u2010Dex groups showed more TUNEL\u2010positive cells in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and brain stem compared to LPS\u2010na\u00efve controls. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells were the predominant TUNEL\u2010positive cells in the hippocampus and brain stem. Additionally, the LPS\u2010Dex or LPS\u2010HC group showed significantly reduced levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), a postsynaptic protein, in these regions, while treatment with Dex or HC alone did not impact PSD95 expression. GR mRNA was significantly reduced in cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum in LPS\u2010HC group, with MR mRNA reduction limited primarily to the striatum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LPS sensitized the immature brain to Dex or HC\u2010related cell death to possible apoptosis and augmented the LPS\u2010induced disruption of synaptic integrity in certain brain regions, potentially via altered GR and MR expression that may modulate corticosteroid receptor signaling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/8285898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T06:35:56Z","timestamp":1763706956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide Sensitizes Steroid\u2010Induced Brain Injury in 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