{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:17:12Z","timestamp":1788416232471,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":244,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82575107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82575107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arthritis represents a spectrum of chronic inflammatory conditions, with growing evidence linking metabolic dysregulation to disease pathogenesis. While composite metabolic indices have been proposed as potential markers for arthritis, their associations with specific disease subtypes and applicability across diverse ethnic populations remain insufficiently characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed data from 15,015 participants in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and 3848 subjects from a Chinese hospital\u2010based cohort. Associations between triglyceride\u2010glucose (TyG) index\/TyG\u2013body mass index (TyG\u2013BMI) and arthritis subtypes (osteoarthritis [OA], rheumatoid arthritis [RA], and gout) were assessed using multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) with adjustment for age and gender. Mediation analysis evaluated the role of the systemic immune\u2010inflammation index (SII). Predictive performance was compared using area under the curve (AUC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Elevated TyG and TyG\u2013BMI were significantly associated with higher odds of multiple arthritis subtypes in both cohorts. In NHANES, the highest TyG quartile was linked to 26%\u201364% higher odds compared with the lowest quartile, while TyG\u2013BMI showed stronger associations (ORs 2.25\u20132.76). Similarly, TyG\u2013BMI was strongly associated with RA (OR\u2009=\u20094.77) and gout (OR\u2009=\u20095.46) in the Chinese cohort. Dose\u2013response analyses confirmed significant nonlinear positive relationships between TyG\/TyG\u2013BMI levels and arthritis risk. Systemic inflammation mediated a substantial proportion of these associations (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Predictive performance differed ethnically: TyG\u2013BMI performed best in the U.S. cohort (AUCs 0.599\u20130.617), whereas the TyG index was superior in the Chinese cohort (AUCs 0.647\u20130.719).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010population study demonstrates that TyG and TyG\u2013BMI indices are positively and dose\u2010dependently associated with multiple arthritis subtypes, with systemic inflammation serving as a partial mediator. These findings underscore the utility of TyG and TyG\u2013BMI indices in identifying at\u2010risk individuals for targeted early intervention and personalized management of arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/9114075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:57:02Z","timestamp":1788415022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations Between Metabolic Syndrome Index, Systemic Inflammatory Index, and Arthritis Subtype in the U.S. and Chinese Adults: A Mediation 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