{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:24:23Z","timestamp":1792697063422,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":156,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024J011553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J011553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background and Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Intermittent theta\u2010burst stimulation (iTBS) targeting the cerebellum represents a promising therapeutic approach, demonstrating efficacy in the rehabilitation of motor and cognitive impairments after stroke. This study aims to evaluate the real\u2010time and immediate effects of cerebellar iTBS on the cerebral cortex of stroke patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study was conducted in a crossover design, initiating with sham\u2010iTBS followed by iTBS after a 24\u2010h washout period. The functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was applied to observe cortical activation from cerebellar iTBS in stroke patients and changes in resting\u2010state functional connectivity (FC) and amplitude of low\u2010frequency fluctuations (ALFF) poststimulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Compared to sham stimulation, significant enhancement of cortical activation was observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; Channel 26,\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.47,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.036, Cohen\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.783) and left primary motor cortex (PMC; Channel 61,\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.88,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.018, Cohen\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.907; Channel 62,\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.62,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.028, Cohen\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.826). Compared to the resting period after sham\u2010iTBS, the resting period following iTBS demonstrated significantly enhanced FC between the temporal cortex (TC) and the somatosensory cortex (SSC) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.029), as well as between the frontal eye field (FEF) and the PMC (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.031). Additionally, the ALFF value of the medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed) also increased significantly during the resting period after iTBS (Channel 20,\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095.79,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.027, Cohen\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.63).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The application of iTBS to the cerebellum significantly enhances the activation of cognitive and motor areas in the cerebral cortex. Additionally, improved FC between brain regions and increased spontaneous neuronal activity were observed following stimulation. These findings reveal the potential mechanisms by which cerebellar iTBS may facilitate functional recovery in stroke patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/np\/1362222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T15:08:38Z","timestamp":1771600118000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immediate Neuroplastic Changes in the Cortex After iTBS on the Cerebellum of Stroke Patients: A Preliminary fNIRS 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