{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:00:06Z","timestamp":1790766006384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":272,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent yet underreported condition significantly impacting women\u2019s quality of life. In Saudi Arabia, cultural stigma often prevents help\u2010seeking, and comprehensive data on its impact are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and severity of UI among women in Saudi Arabia, identify associated medical and obstetric risk factors, and evaluate its impact on quality of life in order to inform a policy and service framework for integrated, stigma\u2010sensitive care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 629 adult women across Saudi Arabia using an online, self\u2010administered questionnaire. The instrument included sociodemographic sections, the validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire\u2010Short Form (ICIQ\u2010UI SF), and assessments of risk factors and quality\u2010of\u2010life impact. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi\u2010square tests, and multiple logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regarding the amount leaked among the 291 women who reported incontinence, most reported small\u2010volume leakage: 238 (81.8%), while moderate 51 (17.5%) and large amounts 2 (0.7%) were relatively rare. Key risk factors identified included higher age, overweight\/obesity (with 60.7% of frequent UI cases being overweight), and multiparity (46.3% of all women had \u2265\u20093 deliveries). The impact on quality of life was substantial: 25.4% reported an impact on their social life, and 21.0% reported feelings of anxiety or nervousness. Multivariable analysis revealed that severe social impact was independently associated with high leakage frequency (AOR\u2009=\u20094.25,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), higher perceived interference (AOR\u2009=\u20091.28,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and experiencing anxiety (AOR\u2009=\u20093.02,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UI is highly prevalent among women in Saudi Arabia, with significant physical and psychosocial consequences. Symptom severity and psychological distress are the primary drivers of social impairment. There is an urgent need for targeted public health initiatives to destigmatize UI, raise awareness, and improve access to treatment. These findings support a national framework that embeds routine UI screening in primary care, strengthens access to pelvic\u2010floor and weight\u2010management services, and integrates mental\u2010health support and culturally sensitive awareness campaigns to reduce stigma and improve quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ogi\/3195077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:12:38Z","timestamp":1790763158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burden and Determinants of Urinary Incontinence and Its Quality\u2010of\u2010Life Impact Among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Cross\u2010Sectional Online Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elhadi","family":"Miskeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Bisha  Bisha Saudi Arabia  ub.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9038-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atheer Hameed","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Bisha  Bisha Saudi Arabia  ub.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2051-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Bisha  Bisha Saudi Arabia  ub.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1721-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Ayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery College of Medicine University of Bisha  Bisha 61922, P.O. Box 551 Saudi Arabia  ub.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1833-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reema Dakhilallah","family":"Alghanmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Surgery Batterjee Medical College  Jeddah Saudi Arabia  bmc.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4740-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raneem Raja","family":"Alsaeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia  kau.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6217-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruwayda Hamad","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Qassim University  Buraidah Saudi Arabia  qu.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0108-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniah Ahmed","family":"Aljehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia  kau.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1664-868X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal Fayez","family":"Hamuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Bisha  Bisha Saudi Arabia  ub.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7742-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghadah F.","family":"Alshalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine King Saud University  Riyadh 11362 Saudi Arabia  ksu.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4716-4789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deema Munif","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia  pnu.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6053-2338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layan A.","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Bisha  Bisha Saudi Arabia  ub.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4371-7822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed Ibrahim","family":"Alwadai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department King Abdullah Hospital  Bisha Asir Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9598-1146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghada Ayed Mohammed","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Bisha  Bisha Saudi Arabia  ub.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8306-690X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Safar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region  Khamis Mushayt Saudi Arabia  afhsr.med.sa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01712-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.788642"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","volume-title":"StatPearls. 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